Editing Gullah language (section)

==Related languages==
Gullah resembles other English-based creole languages spoken in West Africa and the [[Caribbean Basin]], including [[Krio language|Krio]] of [[Sierra Leone]], [[Bahamian Creole]], [[Jamaican Patois]], [[Bajan Creole]], [[Trinidadian Creole]], [[Tobagonian Creole]], [[Sranan Tongo]], [[Guyanese Creole]], and [[Belizean Creole]]. Those languages are speculated<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gullah language|url=https://www.translationdirectory.com/articles/article2522.php|access-date=2021-07-27|website=www.translationdirectory.com|archive-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727194306/https://www.translationdirectory.com/articles/article2522.php|url-status=live}}</ref> to use English as a lexifier (most of their vocabularies are derived from English) and that their syntax (sentence structure) is strongly influenced by African languages, but research by [[Salikoko Mufwene]] and others suggests that nonstandard [[Englishes]] may have also influenced the syntactical features of Gullah (and other creoles).

Gullah is most closely related to [[Afro-Seminole Creole]], which is spoken in scattered [[Black Seminole]] communities in Oklahoma, Texas, and Northern Mexico. The Black Seminoles' ancestors were Gullahs who escaped from slavery in coastal South Carolina and Georgia in the 18th and 19th centuries and fled into the Florida wilderness. They emigrated from Florida after the [[Second Seminole War]] (1835–1842). Their modern descendants in the West speak a conservative form of Gullah that resembles the language of 19th-century plantation slaves.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

There is debate among linguists on the relationship between Gullah and [[African-American Vernacular English]] (AAVE). There are some that postulate a Gullah-like "plantation creole" that was the origin of AAVE. Others cite different British dialects of English as having had more influence on the structure of AAVE.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Weldon |first1=Tracey L. |last2=Moody |first2=Simanique |date=July 2015 |title=The Place of Gullah in the African American Linguistic Continuum |url=http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795390.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199795390-e-27 |journal=The Oxford Handbook of African American Language |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795390.013.27 |isbn=978-0-19-979539-0 |access-date=April 21, 2017 |archive-date=April 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422033119/http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795390.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199795390-e-27 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>