Editing Haptic technology (section)

==== Medicine and dentistry ====
Haptic interfaces for medical simulation are being developed for training in minimally invasive procedures such as [[laparoscopy]] and [[interventional radiology]],<ref>Jacobus, C., et al., [https://patents.google.com/patent/US5769640A/en Method and system for simulating medical procedures including virtual reality and control method and system], US Patent 5,769,640</ref><ref>Pinzon D, Byrns S, Zheng B. [http://nebula.wsimg.com/9a3c4945e03855c95d1ed02338ae2d77?AccessKeyId=46F6B87634D8D667D17E&disposition=0&alloworigin=1 “Prevailing Trends in Haptic Feedback Simulation for Minimally Invasive Surgery”]. ''Surgical Innovation''. 2016 Feb.</ref> and for training dental students.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=Nicolas |last2=Maddock |first2=Stephen |last3=Stokes |first3=Christopher |last4=Field |first4=James |last5=Towers |first5=Ashley |date=2019 |title=A scoping review of the use and application of virtual reality in pre-clinical dental education |url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/138367/10/AAM_-_with_images_-_A_scoping_review_of_the_use_of_virtual_reality_simulation_in_Pre-clinical_Dental_Education_BDJ.pdf |journal=British Dental Journal |language=en |volume=226 |issue=5 |pages=358–366 |doi=10.1038/s41415-019-0041-0 |issn=1476-5373 |pmid=30850794 |s2cid=71716319}}</ref> A Virtual Haptic Back (VHB) was successfully integrated in the curriculum at the [[Ohio University]] [[Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine|College of Osteopathic Medicine]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Honors And Awards |url=http://www.ent.ohiou.edu/~bobw/html/VHB/VHB.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402111612/http://www.ent.ohiou.edu/~bobw/html/VHB/VHB.html |archive-date=April 2, 2008 |access-date=2010-02-26 |publisher=Ent. ohiou.edu}}</ref> Haptic technology has enabled the development of [[telepresence]] surgery, allowing expert surgeons to operate on patients from a distance.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kapoor |first1=Shalini |last2=Arora |first2=Pallak |last3=Kapoor |first3=Vikas |last4=Jayachandran |first4=Mahesh |last5=Tiwari |first5=Manish |date=2017-05-17 |title=Haptics – Touchfeedback Technology Widening the Horizon of Medicine |journal=Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=294–99 |doi=10.7860/JCDR/2014/7814.4191 |issn=2249-782X |pmc=4003673 |pmid=24783164}}</ref> As the surgeon makes an incision, they feel tactile and resistance feedback as if working directly on the patient.<ref>{{cite web |last=Russ |first=Zajtchuk |date=2008-09-15 |title=Telepresence Surgery |url=http://www.uams.edu/info/zajtchuk.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915234738/http://www.uams.edu/info/zajtchuk.htm |archive-date=2008-09-15 |access-date=2017-05-17}}</ref>