Editing Hell Gate Bridge (section)

=== 1920s proposals ===
[[File:Hell_Gate_Bridge_(246687626).jpg|alt=The Hell Gate Bridge's main span in front of the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge's suspension span, as seen from Hell Gate|thumb|The Hell Gate Bridge's main span in front of the [[Robert F. Kennedy Bridge]]'s suspension span]]
When the [[Triborough Bridge|Triborough (now RFK) Bridge]] nearby was first proposed in 1920, Lindenthal suggested that the Hell Gate Bridge's main span could be retrofitted with an upper deck for vehicular and pedestrian use,<ref>{{cite news |date=February 19, 1920 |title=Tri-Boro Bridge is "Uncalled For", Says Lindenthal |url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Greenpoint%2520Daily%2520Star%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Greenpoint%2520Daily%2520Star%25201919-1920%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Greenpoint%2520Daily%2520Star%25201919-1920%2520-%25200795.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219211935/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2023/Brooklyn%20NY%20Greenpoint%20Daily%20Star/Brooklyn%20NY%20Greenpoint%20Daily%20Star%201919-1920/Brooklyn%20NY%20Greenpoint%20Daily%20Star%201919-1920%20-%200795.pdf |archive-date=February 19, 2024 |access-date=November 1, 2018 |work=Greenpoint Daily Star |page=1 |via=Fultonhistory.com}}</ref> a proposal that he repeated in 1924.<ref name="nyt-1924-12-07">{{Cite news |date=December 7, 1924 |title=How Triborough Bridge Would Ease Traffic Jam; Proposed Span With Three Arms Needed to Relieve Pressure on Highways of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx and Queens, Engineers Say |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1924/12/07/archives/how-triborough-bridge-would-ease-traffic-jam-proposed-span-with.html |access-date=March 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303012009/https://www.nytimes.com/1924/12/07/archives/how-triborough-bridge-would-ease-traffic-jam-proposed-span-with.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Civic organizations across the city supported the extra deck,<ref name="p1113176830a">{{cite news |date=February 26, 1925 |title=Vehicular Road Planned To Top Hell Gate Span |work=The New York Herald, New York Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |page=29 |id={{ProQuest|1113176830}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=February 25, 1925 |title=Plan Double-deck Hell Gate Bridge for Auto Traffic |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-plan-double-dec/142552992/ |access-date=March 3, 2024 |work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |issn=2577-9397 |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-plan-double-dec/142553029/ 2] |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303012011/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-plan-double-dec/142552992/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and the engineering firm of Robinson and Steinman conducted a study, finding that it was feasible to add the deck.<ref name="n142552936">{{Cite news |date=May 17, 1925 |title=Engineers Urge Highway Deck on Hell Gate Bridge |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-engineers-urge/142552936/ |access-date=March 3, 2024 |work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |issn=2577-9397 |pages=15 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303012009/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-engineers-urge/142552936/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In late 1926, mayor [[Jimmy Walker]] appointed a committee to consider the plan.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 17, 1926 |title=New Auto Bridge? |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25027944/new_auto_bridge/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202202642/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25027944/new_auto_bridge/ |archive-date=December 2, 2018 |access-date=November 1, 2018 |work=New York Daily News |issn=2692-1251 |page=33}}</ref><ref name="n142604665">{{Cite news |date=December 13, 1926 |title=Hell Gate Span as a Vehicular Bridge Is Plan |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-citizen-hell-gate-span-as-a/142604665/ |access-date=March 3, 2024 |work=The Brooklyn Citizen |pages=2 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303203347/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-citizen-hell-gate-span-as-a/142604665/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Albert Goldman, the Commissioner of Plant and Structures, estimated that the Hell Gate Bridge only had enough space for five lanes of roadway, so a new bridge would have to be constructed parallel to it.<ref>{{cite news |date=April 23, 1927 |title=Triborough Bridge Objections Refuted |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25028256/triborough_bridge_objections_refuted/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202202631/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25028256/triborough_bridge_objections_refuted/ |archive-date=December 2, 2018 |access-date=November 1, 2018 |work=New York Daily News |issn=2692-1251 |page=36}}</ref> Accordingly, the Triborough Bridge was proposed as an entirely new bridge in March 1927,<ref>{{cite news |date=March 25, 1927 |title=Bridge Linking 3 Boroughs Gets Hearing April 21: Estimate Board Gets Plans for $25.000.000 Span Connecting 125th St.. Manhattan, Queens and Bronx Would Be Be Ready in 4 Years 8 Lanes for Traffic and Foot Paths Proposed: No Rapid Transit Is Included |work=New York Herald Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |page=18 |id={{ProQuest|1130684844}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |date=March 25, 1927 |title=Tri-borough Bridge To Cost $24,625,000; Goldman Completes Plans, and Estimate Board Sets April 21 for Public Hearing. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1927/03/25/archives/triborough-bridge-to-cost-24625000-goldman-completes-plans-and.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202202700/https://www.nytimes.com/1927/03/25/archives/triborough-bridge-to-cost-24625000-goldman-completes-plans-and.html |archive-date=December 2, 2018 |access-date=October 1, 2018 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and that span would open in 1936.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 12, 1936 |title=Great Link Is Acclaimed |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/07/12/archives/great-link-is-acclaimed-people-demanding-such-uptodate-projects.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107145618/https://www.nytimes.com/1936/07/12/archives/great-link-is-acclaimed-people-demanding-such-uptodate-projects.html |archive-date=November 7, 2018 |access-date=November 10, 2018 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Meanwhile, the [[Port of New York Authority]], which sought to increase the number of freight trains that used the Hell Gate Bridge,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 20, 1924 |title=Port Authority Wants Hell Gate Bridge Put to Use |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-union-port-authority-wants-hell-ga/142540265/ |access-date=March 2, 2024 |work=Times Union |pages=3 |archive-date=March 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302230950/https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-union-port-authority-wants-hell-ga/142540265/ |url-status=live}}</ref> hosted hearings in late 1924 to determine whether New York Central freight trains should be allowed to use the bridge,<ref name="p1113121861a" /> The Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce and Long Island shippers endorsed the proposal,<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 3, 1924 |title=Chamber Urges New Freight Link |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-chamber-urges-n/142545851/ |access-date=March 2, 2024 |work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |issn=2577-9397 |pages=21 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303000015/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-chamber-urges-n/142545851/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 16, 1924 |title=Shipping Interests Demand the Use of Hell Gate Bridge |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-shipping-intere/142545985/ |access-date=March 2, 2024 |work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |issn=2577-9397 |pages=22 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303000013/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-shipping-intere/142545985/ |url-status=live}}; {{Cite news |date=September 16, 1924 |title=Hell Gate Bridge Asked in Port Plan; Long Island Shippers Want Route Opened to the New York Central. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1924/09/16/archives/hell-gate-bridge-asked-in-port-plan-long-island-shippers-want-route.html |access-date=March 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302230950/https://www.nytimes.com/1924/09/16/archives/hell-gate-bridge-asked-in-port-plan-long-island-shippers-want-route.html |url-status=live}}</ref> while the LIRR, NH, and PRR opposed it.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 15, 1924 |title=Fights Reopening Hell Gate Route; Long Island Line Opposes Plan to Send the Central's Freight Over Bridge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1924/10/15/archives/fights-reopening-hell-gate-route-long-island-line-opposes-plan-to.html |access-date=March 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303000007/https://www.nytimes.com/1924/10/15/archives/fights-reopening-hell-gate-route-long-island-line-opposes-plan-to.html |url-status=live}}; {{Cite news |date=October 15, 1924 |title=L.I.R.R. Increases Yard Facilities as Probe Starts |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-union-lirr-increases-yard-faci/142545358/ |access-date=March 2, 2024 |work=Times Union |pages=2 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303000012/https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-union-lirr-increases-yard-faci/142545358/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=October 16, 1924 |title=Rail Freight Line On Hell Gate Bridge Is Held Unnecessary: Hearings Are Closed by Port Authority on Testimony New Haven Can Handle New York Central Cars |work=The New York Herald, New York Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |page=29 |id={{ProQuest|1113043882}}}}</ref> The Port Authority ordered the PRR and NH to allow New York Central trains on the bridge in February 1925.<ref>{{cite news |date=February 16, 1925 |title=Port Authority Opens Hell Gate Span to Central |work=The New York Herald, New York Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |page=24 |id={{ProQuest|1113110013}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=February 16, 1925 |title=Orders Bridge Open to N.Y. Central; Port Authority Tells New Haven and Pennsylvania to Share Hell Gate Span |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1925/02/16/archives/orders-bridge-open-to-ny-central-port-authority-tells-new-haven-and.html |access-date=March 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303000013/https://www.nytimes.com/1925/02/16/archives/orders-bridge-open-to-ny-central-port-authority-tells-new-haven-and.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The order was modified to exclude freight to and from New England,<ref>{{cite news |date=March 14, 1925 |title=Roads Deadlock On Plan to Use Hell Gate Span: Time Allowed by Port Authority for Central and Pennsylvania to Agree Expires Without Results |work=The New York Herald, New York Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |page=18 |id={{ProQuest|1112948947}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite magazine |date=March 14, 1925 |title=Hell Gate Bridge Decision Modified |magazine=Railway Age |page=763 |volume=78 |issue=15 |id={{ProQuest|873968710}}}}</ref> but the PRR and NH still refused to allow the New York Central to use the bridge after thirty days.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 20, 1925 |title=Cohen Acts to Open Hell Gate Bridge as Freight Artery |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-cohen-acts-to-o/142603438/ |access-date=March 3, 2024 |work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |issn=2577-9397 |pages=3 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303203348/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-cohen-acts-to-o/142603438/ |url-status=live}}</ref> A spur route from the bridge, which would have allowed trains from the Bronx to travel to a new terminal in [[Long Island City]], was proposed the same year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 1, 1925 |title=Ask Queens Station as Commuter Base; Harkness Suggests Terminal for Westchester Travelers in Long Island City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1925/10/01/archives/ask-queens-station-as-commuter-base-harkness-suggests-terminal-for.html |access-date=February 24, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none |archive-date=February 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224233126/https://www.nytimes.com/1925/10/01/archives/ask-queens-station-as-commuter-base-harkness-suggests-terminal-for.html |url-status=live}}; {{Cite news |date=September 30, 1925 |title=Plan $10,000,000 Long Island City Commuter Station |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-plan-1000000/142540497/ |access-date=March 2, 2024 |work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |issn=2577-9397 |pages=27, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-plan-1000000/142543342/ 28] |archive-date=March 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302230951/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-plan-1000000/142540497/ |url-status=live}}</ref> PRR officials opposed the plan because it would strain the capacity of the bridge's two western tracks,<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 22, 1925 |title=Harkness Rail Plan Opposed at Hearing; Counsel for Port Authority Says It Would Conflict With Hell Gate Freight Traffic |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1925/10/22/archives/harkness-rail-plan-opposed-at-hearing-counsel-for-port-authority.html |access-date=February 24, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224233126/https://www.nytimes.com/1925/10/22/archives/harkness-rail-plan-opposed-at-hearing-counsel-for-port-authority.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and ultimately the spur was canceled.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 13, 1925 |title=Commuter Terminal Plan is Agreed on; Harkness Says Commission Is Ready to Build Station for the Long Island Alone. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1925/11/13/archives/commuter-terminal-plan-is-agreed-on-harkness-says-commission-is.html |access-date=March 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303203347/https://www.nytimes.com/1925/11/13/archives/commuter-terminal-plan-is-agreed-on-harkness-says-commission-is.html |url-status=live}}</ref> By the end of 1925, the bridge was carrying 1,200 freight cars per day.<ref name="p511729023">{{cite news |date=December 11, 1925 |title=Kaufman Act to Be Obeyed: New Haven Road Says It Will Float Freight Pend- Ing Electrification |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=4B |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|511729023}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=December 12, 1925 |title=New Haven to Use Car Floats to Keep Within Electric Law: Road to Comply. With Kaufman Act, Effective Jan. 1, by Sending Hell Gate's Freight Traffic by Water |work=The New York Herald, New York Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |page=2 |id={{ProQuest|1113169584}}}}</ref>

In early 1926, the Port Authority asked the [[Interstate Commerce Commission]] (ICC) to allow all freight trains on the bridge.<ref>{{cite news |date=February 26, 1926 |title=Port Authority for Open Hell Gate Route: Cites Principles of Comprehensive Plan Which Demand Open Route—9 Miles Shorter Than Carfloat Route |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=3 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|130361155}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |date=February 26, 1926 |title=Seek Opening Of Rail Lines Over Hell Gate: Shippers and Port Authority Would Have I. C. C. Grant Rights to All Roads to All-Rail Route |work=The New York Herald, New York Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |page=29 |id={{ProQuest|1112844706}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=February 26, 1926 |title=Acts to Open Up Hell Gate Bridge; Port Authority Wants Tracks Put at Disposal of All Freight to Long Island |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1926/02/26/archives/acts-to-open-up-hell-gate-bridge-port-authority-wants-tracks-put-at.html |access-date=March 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303203346/https://www.nytimes.com/1926/02/26/archives/acts-to-open-up-hell-gate-bridge-port-authority-wants-tracks-put-at.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The PRR and NH again opposed the move,<ref>{{cite news |date=February 27, 1926 |title=Hell Gate Line Fights Bridge Use by Central: New Haven and Pennsylvania Balk at Port Authority Plan to Open All Rail Route to Competing Road Shippers Favor Proposal Commerce and Public Service Boards Told Industries Would Be Helped |work=The New York Herald, New York Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |page=5 |id={{ProQuest|1112718863}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=March 25, 1926 |title=Port Heads Finish Bridge Testimony; Railroads to Begin Their Fight Today to Prevent Central Route Over Hell Gate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1926/03/25/archives/port-heads-finish-bridge-testimony-railroads-to-begin-their-fight.html |access-date=March 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303203346/https://www.nytimes.com/1926/03/25/archives/port-heads-finish-bridge-testimony-railroads-to-begin-their-fight.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and the PRR argued that allowing other railroads' trains on the bridge would discourage railroads from improving routes used by competitors.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 26, 1926 |title=Opposes Opening of Hell Gate Span; Pennsylvania Executive Says It Would Have Adverse Effect on Other Terminal Plans. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1926/03/26/archives/opposes-opening-of-hell-gate-span-pennsylvania-executive-says-it.html |access-date=March 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303203348/https://www.nytimes.com/1926/03/26/archives/opposes-opening-of-hell-gate-span-pennsylvania-executive-says-it.html |url-status=live}}; {{cite news |date=March 26, 1926 |title=P. R. R. Criticizes Central's Stand On Hell Gate Span: Vice-President County Tells I. C. C. Improvements Would be Discouraged if Rivals Are Allowed Its Use |work=The New York Herald, New York Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |page=17 |id={{ProQuest|1112745474}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=March 27, 1926 |title=Asks Railroads to Share Bridge: Port Authority Would Route New York Central Over Hell Gate Span |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=5A |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|511852249}}}}</ref> ICC examiners recommended opening the bridge only to freight trains toward Long Island;<ref name="p557341351">{{cite news |date=April 15, 1927 |title=New Effort to Open Hell Gate Bridge To All Rail Traffic |work=The Hartford Courant |page=12 |issn=1047-4153 |id={{ProQuest|557341351}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=February 10, 1927 |title=I. C. C. Aid Asks Joint Hell Gate Bridge Tariff: Would Open Pennsylvania and New Haven Structure to Inbound Traffic Over Competing Railroads |work=New York Herald Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |page=25 |id={{ProQuest|1113618392}}}}</ref> at the time, traffic to Long Island constituted 88 percent of the island's freight traffic volume.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 10, 1927 |title=Quicker Freight to Queens and Brooklyn Near |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-quicker-freight/142611089/ |access-date=March 3, 2024 |work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |issn=2577-9397 |pages=3 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303220744/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-quicker-freight/142611089/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The Port Authority continued to advocate for allowing all railroads to use the bridge in both directions.<ref name="p557341351" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 15, 1927 |title=Urges Public Right in Hell Gate Bridge; Port Authority Files Brief With I.C.C., Opposing Report of Examiner |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1927/04/15/archives/urges-public-right-in-hell-gate-bridge-port-authority-files-brief.html |access-date=March 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303220742/https://www.nytimes.com/1927/04/15/archives/urges-public-right-in-hell-gate-bridge-port-authority-files-brief.html |url-status=live}}; {{Cite news |date=April 15, 1927 |title=Urges Public Right in Hell Gate Span |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-union-urges-public-right-in-hell-g/142613401/ |access-date=March 3, 2024 |work=Times Union |pages=11 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303220742/https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-union-urges-public-right-in-hell-g/142613401/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The freight tracks were electrified in 1927.<ref name="REE1928 p. 397">{{harvnb|Railway Electrical Engineer|1928|ps=.|page=397}}</ref><ref name="p896297024">{{Cite magazine |date=July 1, 1927 |title=Electric power in steam railroad service: Developments in electric rolling stock and lighting equipment discussed at Montreal |magazine=Railway Mechanical Engineer |pages=479 |id={{ProQuest|896297024}}}}</ref> The Port Authority also asked the ICC to lower the fees charged on freight trains using the bridge. The ICC ruled in 1928 that the railroads were not required to lower their rates but that they were required to allow other railroads to use the bridge during emergencies or when other routes were congested.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 21, 1928 |title=Long Island Shippers Lose: Port Authority's Plea for Hell Gate Bridge Routes Rejected by Commerce Commission |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=15 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|130559335}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=June 21, 1928 |title=Refuses Joint Rate by Hell Gate Route; I.C.C. Decides Against Port Authority in Petition for Long Island Freight |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1928/06/21/archives/refuses-joint-rate-by-hell-gate-route-icc-decides-against-port.html |access-date=March 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303220742/https://www.nytimes.com/1928/06/21/archives/refuses-joint-rate-by-hell-gate-route-icc-decides-against-port.html |url-status=live}}</ref>