Editing Ho-Chunk language (section)

====== Person marking in intransitive verbs ======
Ho-Chunk's [[Intransitive verb|intransitive]] verbs fall into three main types: intransitive [[Active verb|active]] verbs, intransitive [[Stative verb|stative]] verbs, and intransitive 'third person-only' verbs.<ref name=":02"/>

Intransitive active verbs are those which involve only human or animate agent(s). An example is ''šgaac'' 'play', which is inflected for person and number as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Person and number marking paradigm 
for intransitive action verb ''šgaac''
!
!
!Ho-Chunk verb
!Translation
|-
! rowspan="8" |Agent
!1SG
|hašgac (ha-šgac)
|'I play'
|-
!2SG
|rašgac (ra-šgac)
|'you play'
|-
!3SG
|šgaac (∅-šgac)
|'he or she plays'
|-
!1IN.DU
|hįšgac (hį-šgac)
|'you and I play'
|-
!1IN.PL
|hįšgacwi (hį-šgac-wi)
|'we (inclusive) play'
|-
!1EX.PL
|hašgacwi (ha-šgac-wi)
|'we (exclusive) play'
|-
!2PL
|rašgacwi (ra-šgac-wi)
|'you (plural) play'
|-
!3PL
|šgaacire (šgaac-ire)
|'they play'
|}
Intransitive stative verbs involve an action affecting a patient.  This is characteristic of the verb ''š'aak'' 'to be old':
{| class="wikitable"
|+Person and number marking paradigm
for intransitive stative verb ''š'aak''
!
!
!Ho-Chunk verb
!Translation
|-
! rowspan="8" |Patient
!1SG
|hįš'ak (hį-š'ak)
|'I am old'
|-
!2SG
|nįš'ak (nį-š'ak)
|'you are old'
|-
!3SG
|š'aak (∅-š'aak)
|'he or she is old'
|-
!1IN.DU
|wąągaš'ak (wąąga-š'ak)
|'you and I are old'
|-
!1IN.PL
|wąągaš'akwi (wąąga-š'ak-wi)
|'we (inclusive) are old'
|-
!1EX.PL
|hįš'akwi (hį-š'ak-wi)
|'we (exclusive) are old'
|-
!2PL
|nįš'akwi (nį-š'ak-wi)
|'you (plural) are old'
|-
!3PL
|š'aakire (š'aak-ire)
|'they are old'
|}
Intransitive third-person-only verbs designate states and properties of mostly inanimate things, such as "(to) be delicious" or "(to) be expensive".  They can only be inflected for third person singular or third person plural subjects (e.g. ''ceexi'' (∅-ceexi) 'it is expensive' or ''ceexire'' (ceexi-ire) 'they are expensive').