Editing Ho language (section)

===Verbs===
There is no restrictions as to which word may occupy the role of a verb. Therefore, even proper nouns may act as verbs, ''Lako ket́ińako,'' 'They named me Lako'. Verbs may be serialized or modified with affixes before being put in this verb template:

'''Verb stem + (Aspect marker) + (Transitive/Intransitive marker) + (Object pronoun) + (Mood marker) + (Subject pronoun)'''

The verb stem may be modified in the following ways:
{| class="wikitable"
|
|'''Root modification'''
|'''Example with ''kaji'', 'to tell''''
|-
|'''Reciprocal'''
|''-p-''
|''ka'''p'''aji'', 'to tell each other / argue'
|-
|'''Benefactive'''
|''-a''
|''kaji'''a''''', 'to tell someone'
|-
|'''Habitual'''
|''lengthening or reduplication of the first syllable''
|'''''kaá'''ji'', 'to tell habitually'
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Ho aspect markers
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" |
|'''Transitive'''
|'''Intransitive'''
|'''Examples with ''nutum,'' 'to name''''
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="4" |'''Past'''
|'''Pluperfect'''
|''let́''
|''len''
|''nutum '''let́'''ań,'' 'I had previously named'; ''nutum '''len'''ań,'' 'I was previously named'
|-
|'''Aorist'''
|''ket́''
|''ken*''
|''nutum '''ket́'''ań'', 'I named'; ''nutum '''ken'''ań'', 'I used to name'
|-
|'''Ingressive'''
|''**''
|''yan***''
|''nutum '''yan'''ań'', 'I had begun to be named / I was named'
|-
|'''Perfect'''
|''akat́''
|''akan''
|''nutum '''akat́'''ań'', 'I have named'; ''nutum '''akan'''ań'', 'I have been named (I'm famous)'
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="6" |'''Non-past'''
|'''Progressive/Continuous/Punctual'''
|''tat́''
|''tan****''
|''nutum '''tat́'''ań'', 'I have (just) named'; ''nutumè '''tan'''ań,'' 'I am naming it'
|-
|'''Present/Future'''
|''-Ø''
|''-oḱ''
|''nuútumań,'' 'I name (habitually)'; ''nutum'''oḱ'''ań,'' 'I will be named'
|-
|
|''lee''
|''leenoḱ''
|''nutum '''lee'''ań'', 'I will first name it'; ''nutum '''leenoḱ'''ań'' 'I will first be famous'
|-
|
|''kee''
|''keenoḱ''
|''nutum '''kee'''ań'', 'I will name it (before doing something else)'
|-
|
|''akaa''
|''akaanoḱ''
|''nutum '''akaa'''àń'', 'I will keep naming'; ''nutum '''akaanoḱ'''ań'', 'I will continue to be named'
|-
|
|''taa''
| -
|''nutum '''taa'''àń'', 'I will name it now'
|}

* presence of a transitivity marker indicates past tense and the absence non-past.
* ''ken'' is only used in its original function as an intransitive with a small number of verbs, like ''oṛa '''to bathe' and ''sen'' 'to go', it has now been extended even to transitive verbs, where it shifts the focus from the object of the verb to the subject.
* intransitive counterpart of the ingressive ''yan'' is lost in Ho, while being maintained in Mundari as ''yada/jada'' and in Santali as ''eda. ean'' maintains ingressive meaning only with a limited number of verbs, it mostly functions as the intransitive counterpart of aorist ''ket́.''
* ''tan'' is conjugated differently than other aspect markers, where the object marker occurs right before ''tan'', rather than after the transitivity marker, enabling it to be used even on transitive verbs, where it has taken over the function of ''tat́'' with many verbs, as in ''gama tat́ać'' vs. ''gamaè tanać,'' both having the same meaning with the latter being more common''.'' With a number of transitive verbs, ''tan'' and ''tat́'' contrast and produce progressive-continuous distinction, ''tusiṅ tat́ać'', 'he is wearing' (continuous aspect), ''tusiṅè tanać'', 'he (now) is (in the process of) wearing it' (progressive aspect).
* benefactive stem with ''-a'' cannot take any of the aspect markers, it can only take a transitivity marker, limiting its occurrence either with the past or the non-past tense.