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Human brain
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===Motor control=== The frontal lobe is involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language. It contains the [[motor cortex]], which is involved in planning and coordinating movement; the [[prefrontal cortex]], which is responsible for higher-level cognitive functioning; and [[Broca's area]], which is essential for language production.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-psychology/chapter/outcome-parts-of-the-brain/|title=Parts of the Brain {{!}} Introduction to Psychology|website=courses.lumenlearning.com|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref> The [[motor system]] of the brain is responsible for the [[motor control|generation and control]] of movement.{{sfn|Guyton & Hall|2011|p=685}} Generated movements pass from the brain through nerves to [[motor neuron]]s in the body, which control the action of [[muscle]]s. The [[corticospinal tract]] carries movements from the brain, through the [[spinal cord]], to the torso and limbs.{{sfn|Guyton & Hall|2011|p=687}} The [[cranial nerves]] carry movements related to the eyes, mouth and face. Gross movement β such as [[Animal locomotion|locomotion]] and the movement of arms and legs β is generated in the [[motor cortex]], divided into three parts: the [[primary motor cortex]], found in the [[precentral gyrus]] and has sections dedicated to the movement of different body parts. These movements are supported and regulated by two other areas, lying [[anterior]] to the primary motor cortex: the [[premotor area]] and the [[supplementary motor area]].{{sfn|Guyton & Hall|2011|p=686}} The hands and mouth have a much larger area dedicated to them than other body parts, allowing finer movement; this has been visualised in a [[Cortical homunculus#Types|motor homunculus]].{{sfn|Guyton & Hall|2011|p=686}} Impulses generated from the motor cortex travel along the [[corticospinal tract]] along the front of the medulla and cross over ([[decussate]]) at the [[medullary pyramids (brainstem)|medullary pyramids]]. These then travel down the [[spinal cord]], with most connecting to [[spinal interneuron|interneuron]]s, in turn connecting to [[lower motor neuron]]s within the [[grey matter]] that then transmit the impulse to move to muscles themselves.{{sfn|Guyton & Hall|2011|p=687}} The cerebellum and [[basal ganglia]], play a role in fine, complex and coordinated muscle movements.{{sfn|Guyton & Hall|2011|pp=698, 708}} Connections between the cortex and the basal ganglia control muscle tone, posture and movement initiation, and are referred to as the [[extrapyramidal system]].{{sfn|Davidson's|2010|p=1139}}
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