Editing Impact factor (section)

==Related indices==
Some related metrics, also calculated and published by the same organization, include:

* ''Cited half-life'': the median age of the articles that were cited in ''Journal Citation Reports'' each year. For example, if a journal's half-life in 2005 is 5, that means the citations from 2001 to 2005 are half of all the citations from that journal in 2005, and the other half of the citations precede 2001.<ref>{{cite web |title=Impact Factor, Immediacy Index, Cited Half-life |url=http://www.bib.slu.se/kurser/sss/skriva/impactfactor/eimpactfactor.html |publisher=Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |access-date=30 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523091640/http://www.bib.slu.se/kurser/sss/skriva/impactfactor/eimpactfactor.html |archive-date=23 May 2008}}</ref>
* ''Aggregate impact factor'' for a subject category: it is calculated taking into account the number of citations to all journals in the subject category and the number of articles from all the journals in the subject category.
* {{anchor |Immediacy index}}''Immediacy index'': the number of citations the articles in a journal receive in a given year divided by the number of articles published.
* {{anchor |Journal citation indicator}}'' Journal citation indicator'' (''JCI''): a JIF that adjusts for scientific field; it is similar to [[Source Normalized Impact per Paper]], calculated based on the [[Scopus]] database.<ref name="Science2021">{{cite web |title=Journal impact factor gets a sibling that adjusts for scientific field |website=Science &#124; AAAS |date=2021-06-30 |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/journal-impact-factor-gets-sibling-adjusts-scientific-field |first1=Cathleen |last1=O’Grady |access-date=2021-06-30}}</ref> JCI is available for all journals in the [[Web of Science Core Collection]] (WoS CC) -- including the AHCI, ESCI, BCI, CPCI—while JIF is only available for the SCIE and SSCI; however, starting in June 2023, JIF will also be issued for all journals in the WoS CC.<ref name="Clarivate 2022">{{cite web | title=Web of Science Journal Evaluation Process and Selection Criteria | website=Clarivate | date=2022-07-26 | url=https://clarivate.com/products/scientific-and-academic-research/research-discovery-and-workflow-solutions/web-of-science/core-collection/editorial-selection-process/editorial-selection-process/ | access-date=2023-01-18}}</ref>
* ''JIF quartile ranking'': a rank based on the four [[quartile]]s within a given subject or topic category.<ref>{{cite web |title=Scientific & Academic Research |url=https://support.clarivate.com/ScientificandAcademicResearch/s/article/Journal-Citation-Reports-Quartile-rankings-and-other-metrics |website=Support |publisher=Clarivate |access-date=2023-03-25}}</ref>
* ''JIF percentile ranking'': a [[percentile rank]] computed for a particular subject category.<ref name="jcr.help.clarivate.com">{{cite web | title=Journal Impact Factor Percentile | website=jcr.help.clarivate.com | url=https://jcr.help.clarivate.com/Content/glossary-journal-impact-factor-percentile.htm | access-date=2023-05-24}}</ref>
A given journal may attain a different quartile or percentile in different categories.

As with the impact factor, there are some nuances to this: for example, Clarivate excludes certain article types (such as news items, correspondence, and errata) from the denominator.<ref name=Elsevier>{{cite web |title=Bibliometrics (journal measures) |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |url=http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/editorshome.editors/biblio#immediacy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818141048/http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/editorshome.editors/biblio#immediacy |archive-date=2012-08-18 |quote=A measure of the speed at which content in a particular journal is picked up and referred to. |access-date=2012-07-09}}</ref><ref name=thomson>{{cite web |title=Glossary of Thomson Scientific Terminology |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |url=http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/support/patents/patinf/terms/#I |access-date=2012-07-09 |archive-date=20 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420143837/http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/support/patents/patinf/terms/#I |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=JCR-ii>{{cite web |title=Journal Citation Reports Contents – Immediacy Index |publisher=[[Clarivate Analytics]] |url=http://admin-apps.webofknowledge.com/JCR/help/h_immedindex.htm |format=(online) |quote=The Immediacy Index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published. The journal Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a journal are cited. The aggregate Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a subject category are cited. |access-date=2012-07-09}}</ref><ref name="McVeighMann2009">{{cite journal |vauthors=McVeigh ME, Mann SJ |title=The journal impact factor denominator: defining citable (counted) items |journal=JAMA |volume=302 |issue=10 |pages=1107–9 |date=September 2009 |pmid=19738096 |doi=10.1001/jama.2009.1301 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

===Other measures of scientific impact===
{{main |Citation metrics}}
{{Further |Scientometrics}}

Additional [[journal-level metrics]] are available from other organizations. For example, ''[[CiteScore]]'' is a metric for serial titles in [[Scopus]] launched in December 2016 by [[Elsevier]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elsevier.com/solutions/scopus/features/metrics |title=Metrics – Features – Scopus – Solutions |website=www.elsevier.com |access-date=2016-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Van Noorden R |title=Controversial impact factor gets a heavyweight rival |journal=Nature |volume=540 |issue=7633 |pages=325–326 |date=December 2016 |pmid=27974784 |doi=10.1038/nature.2016.21131 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2016Natur.540..325V}}</ref> While these metrics apply only to journals, there are also [[author-level metrics]], such as the [[h-index]], that apply to individual researchers. In addition, [[article-level metrics]] measure impact at an article level instead of journal level.

Other more general alternative metrics, or "[[altmetrics]]", that include article views, downloads, or mentions in [[social media]], offer a different perspective on research impact, concentrating more on immediate social impact in and outside academia.<ref name="Hicks 2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hicks D, Wouters P, Waltman L, de Rijcke S, Rafols I |title=Bibliometrics: The Leiden Manifesto for research metrics |journal=Nature |volume=520 |issue=7548 |pages=429–31 |date=April 2015 |pmid=25903611 |doi=10.1038/520429a |doi-access=free |bibcode=2015Natur.520..429H|hdl=10261/132304 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Priem 2010">{{cite web |vauthors=Priem J, Taraborelli D, Groth P, Neylon C |title=Altmetrics: A manifesto |date=26 October 2010 |url=http://altmetrics.org/manifesto}}</ref>

===Counterfeit impact factors===
Fake impact factors or bogus impact factors are produced by certain companies or individuals.<ref name=fake>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jalalian M |title=The story of fake impact factor companies and how we detected them |journal=Electronic Physician |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=1069–72 |year=2015 |pmid=26120416 |pmc=4477767 |doi=10.14661/2015.1069-1072}}</ref> According to an article published in the ''Electronic Physician'', these include Global Impact Factor, Citefactor, and Universal Impact Factor.<ref name="fake"/> [[Jeffrey Beall]] maintained a list of such misleading metrics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://scholarlyoa.com/other-pages/misleading-metrics/ |title=Misleading Metrics |work=Scholarly Open Access |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170111172311/https://scholarlyoa.com/other-pages/misleading-metrics/ |archive-date=2017-01-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://beallslist.net/misleading-metrics/ |title=Misleading Metrics – Beall's List}}</ref> Another deceitful practice is reporting "alternative impact factors", calculated as the average number of citations per article using [[citation indices]] other than JCR such as [[Google Scholar]] (e.g., "Google-based Journal Impact Factor") or [[Microsoft Academic]].<ref name="XiaSmith2018">{{cite journal |vauthors=Xia J, Smith MP |title=Alternative journal impact factors in open access publishing |journal=Learned Publishing |volume=31 |issue=4 |year=2018 |pages=403–411 |issn=0953-1513 |doi=10.1002/leap.1200 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

False impact factors are often used by [[predatory publishers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://scholarlyoa.com/tag/fake-impact-factors/ |title=Scholarly Open-Access – Fake impact factors |vauthors=Beall J |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321063637/https://scholarlyoa.com/tag/fake-impact-factors/ |archive-date=2016-03-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |title=Discussion document: Predatory Publishing |publisher=Committee on Publication Ethics |date=2019-11-01 |doi=10.24318/cope.2019.3.6 |page=|doi-access=free }}</ref> Consulting Journal Citation Reports' master journal list can confirm if a publication is [[journal indexing|indexed]] by the ''Journal Citation Reports''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mjl.clarivate.com/ |title=Master Journal List |website=Web of Science Group |publisher=Clarivate}}</ref> The use of fake impact metrics is considered a [[Red flag (idiom)|red flag]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ebrahimzadeh MH |title=Validated Measures of Publication Quality: Guide for Novice Researchers to Choose an Appropriate Journal for Paper Submission |journal=The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=94–6 |date=April 2016 |pmid=27200383 |pmc=4852052}}</ref>