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Li Hongzhang
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===Bribery controversy=== [[Sergei Witte]] dismissed some rumours during Li's visit to Europe that Li was [[Bribery|bribed]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/memoirsofcountwi00wittuoft|title=The memoirs of Count Witte|first1=Sergei IUl'evich|last1=Witte|first2=Avrahm|last2=Yarmolinsky|date=January 30, 2018|publisher=Garden City, N.Y. Doubleday, Page|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> However, according to the Russian account, Li had urged the Russian government to build a three-million rubles "Li Hongzhang Foundation" to make Li and Zhang Yinheng to support the [[Li-Lobanov Treaty|Sino-Russia railway treaty]] and [[Russia-Qing Convention|Lushun-Dalian Rent Treaty]], and a payment of 0.5 million rubles was confirmed.<ref>《俄国的远东政策--1881~1904》 (商务印书馆 1977)</ref> Ma Wenzhong questioned whether the Russian account was reliable.<ref>《旅大租借交涉中李鸿章、张荫桓的“受贿”问题 (《学术界》2003年第2期)</ref>
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