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Linus Pauling
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===Vietnam war activism=== During the 1960s, President Lyndon Johnson's policy of increasing America's involvement in the Vietnam War caused an [[anti-war movement]] that the Paulings joined with enthusiasm. Pauling denounced the war as unnecessary and unconstitutional. He made speeches, signed protest letters and communicated personally with the North Vietnamese leader, Ho Chi Minh, and gave the lengthy written response to President Johnson. His efforts were ignored by the American government.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Linus Pauling and the International Peace Movement: Vietnam |url=http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/peace/narrative/page49.html |publisher=Oregon State University Libraries}}</ref> [[File:27. Tagung 1977 Chemiker; Linus C. Pauling Porträt - W134Nr.108890d - Willy Pragher.jpg|thumb|Pauling in 1977]] Pauling was awarded the [[Lenin Peace Prize|International Lenin Peace Prize]] by the USSR in 1970.<ref name="Humanism">{{Cite journal |last=Mason |first=Stephen F. |date=1997 |title=The Science and Humanism of Linus Pauling (1901–1994) |url=http://oregonstate.edu/dept/spc/subpages/ahp/overview/entirearticle.htm |url-status=dead |journal=Chemical Society Reviews |volume=26 |pages=29–39 |doi=10.1039/cs9972600029 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515124732/http://oregonstate.edu/dept/spc/subpages/ahp/overview/entirearticle.htm |archive-date=May 15, 2009 |access-date=May 20, 2015|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="LeninPrize">{{Cite web |date=May 16, 2011 |title=Lenin Peace Prize Recipients |url=http://www.researchhistory.org/2011/05/16/lenin-peace-prize-recipients/ |website=Research History}}</ref> He continued his peace activism in the following years. He and his wife Ava helped to found the [[International League of Humanists]] in 1974.<ref name="HumanistFounders">{{Cite web |title=Founders |url=http://www.intlh.com/index_enu.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611040404/http://www.intlh.com/index_enu.html |archive-date=June 11, 2015 |access-date=May 28, 2015 |website=International League of Humanists for peace and tolerance }}</ref> He was president of the scientific advisory board of the [[World Union for Protection of Life]] and also one of the signatories of the [[Dubrovnik–Philadelphia statement]] of 1974/1976.<ref name="Dubrovnik">{{Cite web |title=The Dubrovnik-Philadelphia Statement /1974–1976/ (short version) |url=http://www.intlh.com/statement.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035630/http://www.intlh.com/statement.html |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |access-date=May 28, 2015 |website=International League of Humanists }}</ref> Linus Carl Pauling was an honorary president and member of the International Academy of Science, Munich, until the end of his life.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.ias-icsd.org/history.html |access-date=March 16, 2015 |website=International Academy of Science, Munich |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402142953/http://www.ias-icsd.org/history.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pauling was also a supporter of the [[Fair Play for Cuba Committee]].<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Johnson |editor1-first=Loch K. |title=Handbook of Intelligence Studies |date=2007 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |page=275}}</ref>
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