Editing Magic lantern (section)

===Early adopters===
Before 1671, only a small circle of people seemed to have knowledge of the magic lantern, and almost every known report of the device from this period had to do with people that were more or less directly connected to Christiaan Huygens. Despite the rejection expressed in his letters to his brother, Huygens must have familiarized several people with the lantern.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rossell |first=Dean |date=2001 |title=The True Inventor of the Magic Lantern |url=https://www.magiclantern.org.uk/new-magic-lantern-journal/pdfs/4008747a.pdf |journal=The New Magic Lantern Journal |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=8–9}}</ref>

In 1664 Parisian engineer [[Pierre Petit (engineer)|Pierre Petit]] wrote to Huygens to ask for some specifications of the lantern, because he was trying to construct one after seeing the lantern of "the dane" (probably Walgensten). The lantern that Petit was constructing had a concave mirror behind the lamp.<ref name=Petit/> This directed more light through the lens, resulting in a brighter projection, and it would become a standard part of most of the lanterns that were made later. Petit may have copied it from Walgensten, but he expressed that he made a lamp stronger than any he had ever seen.<ref name="rossell2002"/>

Starting in 1661, Huygens corresponded with London optical instrument-maker [[Richard Reeve]].<ref name=rossell2002/> Reeve was soon selling magic lanterns, demonstrated one in his shop on 17 May 1663 to [[Balthasar de Monconys]],<ref name="picturegoing">{{cite web|url=http://picturegoing.com/?p=4885|website=picturegoing.com|title=Journal des voyages de Monsieur de Monconys » Picturegoing|date=6 October 2016 |access-date=28 August 2017}}</ref> and sold one to [[Samuel Pepys]] in August 1666.<ref name="pepysdiary">{{cite web|url=http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1666/08/19/|website=pepysdiary.com|title=Sunday 19 August 1666 (The Diary of Samuel Pepys)|date=19 August 2009 |access-date=28 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="pepysdiary2">{{cite web|url=http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1666/08/22/|website=pepysdiary.com|title=Wednesday 22 August 1666 (The Diary of Samuel Pepys)|date=22 August 2009 |access-date=28 August 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Optic Projection fig 404.jpg|thumbnail|left|Illustration from Kircher's 1671 ''Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae'' - projection of hellfire or purgatory]]
[[File:1671 kircheri - ars magna lucis et umbrae - 769.jpg|thumb|left|Illustration from Kircher's 1671 ''Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae'' - projection of Death]]
One of Christiaan Huygens' contacts imagined how [[Athanasius Kircher]] would use the magic lantern: "If he would know about the invention of the Lantern he would surely frighten the cardinals with specters."<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/huyg003oeuv03_01/huyg003oeuv03_01_0031.php#191T|title=letter from Pierre Guisony to Christiaan Huygens |date=25 March 1660 |language=fr}}</ref> Kircher would eventually learn about the existence of the magic lantern via Thomas Walgensten and introduced it as "Lucerna Magica" in the widespread 1671 second edition of his book ''Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae''.<ref name="ars magna">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gki6ZIbrgQ8C|title=Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae|first=Athanasius|last=Kircher|year=1671|language=la |access-date=19 August 2010 |pages=767–769|publisher=Univ Santiago de Compostela |isbn=9788481218428}}</ref> Kircher claimed that Thomas Walgensten reworked his ideas from the previous edition of this book into a better lantern. Kircher described this improved lantern, but it was illustrated in a confusing manner:<ref name=Rendel /> the pictures seem technically incorrect—with both the projected image and the transparencies (H) shown upright (while the text states that they should be inverted), the hollow mirror is too high in one picture and absent in the other, and the lens (I) is at the wrong side of the slide. However, experiments with a construction as illustrated in Kircher's book proved that it could work as a point light-source projection system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.luikerwaal.com/kircher_uk.htm|title=Magic lantern - The mistery of the misplaced lens|website=www.luikerwaal.com}}</ref>
The projected image in one of the illustrations shows a person in purgatory or hellfire and the other depicts Death with a scythe and an hourglass. According to legend Kircher secretly used the lantern at night to project the image of Death on windows of apostates to scare them back into church.<ref name=luikerwaal>{{Cite web|url=https://www.luikerwaal.com/wonder1_uk.htm|title=The miracle of the magic lantern.|website=www.luikerwaal.com}}</ref> Kircher did suggest in his book that an audience would be more astonished by the sudden appearance of images if the lantern would be hidden in a separate room, so the audience would be ignorant of the cause of their appearance.<ref name=Rendel>{{cite web|last2=Rendel|first2=Mats|first1=Athanasius|last1=Kircher|title=About the Construction of The Magic Lantern, or The Sorcerers Lamp|url=http://www.phonurgia.se/rendel/mageng.html}}</ref>