Editing Michigan left (section)

===Philippines===
[[File:03333jfBarangay Bayanihan Boni Serrano Katipuan Avenue Quezon Cityfvf 22.jpg|thumb|A no left-turn scheme at the intersection of [[Bonny Serrano Avenue]] and [[Katipunan Avenue]] (part of [[Circumferential Road 5]]) in [[Quezon City]], [[Metro Manila]]]]
In the [[Philippines]], the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] (MMDA) under [[Bayani Fernando]] implemented a "no left-turn" scheme in the early 2000s along several major roads in Metro Manila, prohibiting motor vehicle traffic from turning left at intersections and instead requiring them to make a [[U-turn]] at designated U-turn slots and making a right turn after. The scheme was designed to mimic the Michigan left turn design by creating continuous traffic, mitigating bottlenecks caused by traffic light signals.<ref name="Villarete2014UTurns" /> The MMDA claimed that its "no left-turn" scheme in addition to its [[No Contact Apprehension Policy]] and road obstruction clearing campaign has increased the average travel speed along major thoroughfares from {{convert|14.5|kph|mph|sp=us|abbr=on}} in July 2001 to {{convert|17.37|kph|mph|sp=us|abbr=on}} in June 2003.<ref name="Clapano2003MMDA">{{Cite news |last=Clapano |first=Jose |date=June 15, 2003 |title=Jaworski to Bayani: Have a heart |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |url=https://www.philstar.com/metro/2003/06/15/210183/jaworski-bayani-have-heart |access-date=January 8, 2023}}</ref>

However, the implementation of the "no left-turn" scheme in Metro Manila was controversial, as it was notorious among motorists for causing longer travel distances due to having to navigate to the nearest U-turn slot and for incidents of motorists missing their U-turn slot due to difficulties navigating to it safely. Several academic studies were also made on the "no left-turn" scheme, summarizing that the scheme induces longer travel time and only works with low car inflow and minimal lane changing maneuvers, with the U-turn slots eventually becoming congested themselves.<ref name="Villarete2014UTurns">{{Cite news |last=Villarete |first=Nigel |date=July 17, 2014 |title=Understanding U-turn slots |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |url=https://www.philstar.com/test-microsite-clone/2014/07/17/1347190/understanding-u-turn-slots |access-date=January 8, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chanco |first=Boo |date=August 24, 2007 |title=The U-turns of Bayani Fernando |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2007/08/24/15003/u-turns-bayani-fernando |access-date=January 8, 2023}}</ref> Since then, many of these U-turn slots were closed and left-turning at most intersections was restored, although some still{{clarify timeframe|date=December 2024<!--this content appeared here in January 2023 -->}} remain along roads such as [[EDSA]], [[Quezon Avenue]], and [[Circumferential Road 5]].{{cn|date=December 2024}}