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Microclimate
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===Europe=== * The [[Ticino]] region in [[Switzerland]] has a microclimate in which palm trees and banana trees can grow.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestkittsnevisobserver.com/where-palm-trees-grow-in-a-finger-of-switzerland/|title=Where Palm Trees Grow in a Finger of Switzerland|date= December 4, 2020|work=The St Kitts & Nevis Observer}}</ref> * [[Gran Canaria]] is called "Miniature Continent" for its rich variety of microclimates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tripreporter.co.uk/gran-canaria/|title=Gran Canaria, the Miniature Continen|author=Andy Mossak|date=1 June 2013|website=Trip Reporter}}</ref> * [[Tenerife]] is known for its wide variety of microclimates.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tenerife climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time|url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/canary-islands/tenerife|access-date=2020-06-09|website=www.climatestotravel.com}}</ref> * [[Istanbul]] exhibits a multitude of distinct microclimates because of its hilly topography and maritime influences.<ref>{{cite web |title=Comparisons of Annual Meanprecipations of Annual Meanprecipitation Gridded and Station Data: An Example from Istanbul, Turkey Yıllık Ortalama Gridlenmiş Yağış Verisi ve İstasyon Yağış Verisinin Karşılaştırılması, İstanbul Örneği – USTAOĞLU – Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi |url=http://e-dergi.marmara.edu.tr/marucog/article/view/1012000723/1012000620/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025758/http://e-dergi.marmara.edu.tr/marucog/article/view/1012000723/1012000620/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=12 February 2016 |work=marmara.edu.tr}}</ref> Within the city, average summer mean temperatures range from {{Convert|20-24|C|F}} depending on proximity to the [[Black Sea]], with more significant differences on certain days. Rainfall also varies widely owing to the [[rain shadow]] of the hills in Istanbul, from around {{convert|600|mm|in|sp=us}} on the southern fringe at [[Florya]] to {{convert|1200|mm|in|sp=us}} on the northern fringe at [[Bahçeköy, Sarıyer|Bahçeköy]].<ref>{{cite web |title=İstanbul Bölge Müdürlüğü'ne Bağlı İstasyonlarda Ölçülen Ekstrem Değerler |trans-title=Extreme Values Measured in Istanbul Regional Directorate |url=http://www.dmi.gov.tr/files/kurumsal/ekitap/4mevsim2/s5152.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524043933/http://www.dmi.gov.tr/files/kurumsal/ekitap/4mevsim2/s5152.pdf |archive-date=24 May 2011 |access-date=27 July 2010 |publisher=Turkish State Meteorological Service |language=tr}}</ref> Furthermore, while the city itself lies in [[Hardiness zone|USDA hardiness zones]] 9a to 9b, its inland suburbs lie in zone 8b with isolated pockets of zone 8a, restricting the cultivation of cold-hardy [[Subtropics|subtropical]] plants to the coasts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bitki Soğuğa ve Sıcağa Dayanıklılık |url=https://www.mgm.gov.tr/tarim/bitki-soguga-ve-sicaga-dayaniklilik.aspx?g=b |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=www.mgm.gov.tr}}</ref> * [[Leeds]], located in Yorkshire, England, is known to have a number of microclimates because of the number of valleys surrounding the city centre.{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}} * The central west coast of Portugal, similarly to California, has huge differences in summer temperatures from the surrounding inland regions. In less than {{convert|60|km|abbr=on}}, average daily summer temperatures can vary through as much as 10 degrees Celsius/18 degrees Fahrenheit, from {{convert|21|C|abbr=on}} in [[Peniche, Portugal|Peniche]] or [[São Pedro de Moel]] to around {{convert|31|C}} in [[Santarém, Portugal|Santarém]] or [[Tomar]]. This phenomenon is caused by local [[upwelling]] created by the northern [[Nortada]] winds.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coastal fogs, the climate of the central littoral |url=https://bestweather.org/nevoeiros-costeiros/ |publisher=bestweather.org |access-date=10 July 2021 |language=pt-PT |date=6 July 2020}}</ref> * The coastal areas in the [[Andalusia]] region of [[Spain]] has a microclimate.{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}} Further north along the coast, [[Cádiz]] has a summer average of {{convert|27|C|F|abbr=on}} with warm nights, whereas nearby [[Jerez de la Frontera]] has summer highs of {{convert|33|C|F|abbr=on}} with inland areas further north such as [[Seville]] being even hotter. * [[Sorana (Pescia)|Sorana]], a commune in Italy's Pescia Valley with a microclimate considered ideal for growing the [[Sorana bean]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The importance of place : geographical indications as a tool for local and regional development|last1=van Caenegem|first1=William|last2=Cleary|first2=Jen|isbn=978-3-319-53073-4|location=Cham, Switzerland|pages=266|oclc=980874944|date = 2017-03-27}}</ref> * The [[Nizza, Frankfurt|Nizza]] (Nice) district of [[Frankfurt-am-Main]], Germany is a small area on the north bank of the [[River Main]] where wind shelter and sunlight reflected off the river produces a [[Mediterranean climate]] and supports one of the largest gardens of southern European plants north of the Alps.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://frankfurt.de/english/discover-and-experience/sightseeing/gardens/nizza|title=Nizza|website=Stadt Frankfurt-am-Main|accessdate=24 November 2023}}</ref>
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