Editing Moksha language (section)

== Writing systems ==
{{main|Mordvinic alphabets}}

[[File:Mordva alphabet (1924-1927).svg|thumb|300px|Moksha Cyrillic alphabet 1924–1927]]
Moksha has been written using [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] with spelling rules identical to those of Russian since the 18th century. As a consequence of that, the vowels {{IPA|/e, ɛ, ə/}} are not differentiated in a straightforward way.{{sfn|Raun|1988|p=97}} However, they can be (more or less) predicted from Moksha phonotactics. The 1993 spelling reform defines that {{IPA|/ə/}} in the first (either stressed or unstressed) syllable must be written with the "hard" sign {{angbr|ъ}} (e.g. мъ́рдсемс ''mə́rdśəms'' "to return", formerly мрдсемс). The version of the Moksha Cyrillic alphabet used in 1924-1927 had several extra letters, either digraphs or single letters with diacritics.<ref>[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/moksha.htm Omniglot.com page on the Moksha language]</ref> Although the use of the [[Latin script]] for Moksha was officially approved by the CIK VCKNA (General Executive Committee of the All Union New Alphabet Central Committee) on June 25, 1932, it was never implemented.[[File:Moksha latin alphabet 1930.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Moksha Latin alphabet 1932]]
{| class="wikitable" style="background: white; color: black; text-align: center;"
|+From letters to sounds
!{{abbrlink|Cyr|Cyrillic alphabet}}
|Аа||Бб||Вв||Гг||Дд|| colspan="4" |Ее|| colspan="2" |Ёё||Жж||Зз||Ии||Йй||Кк||Лл||Мм||Нн|| colspan="2" |Оо
|-
!{{abbrlink|IPA|International Phonetic Alphabet}}
| {{IPA|a}}||{{IPA|b}}||{{IPA|v}}||{{IPA|ɡ}}||{{IPA|d}}|| style="border-right:0;" |{{IPA|ʲe}},|| style="border-left:0; border-right:0;" |{{IPA|je}},|| style="border-left:0; border-right:0;" |{{IPA|ʲɛ}},|| style="border-left:0;" |{{IPA|ʲə}}|| style="border-right:0;" |{{IPA|ʲo}},|| style="border-left:0;" |{{IPA|jo}}||{{IPA|ʒ}}||{{IPA|z}}||{{IPA|i}}||{{IPA|j}}||{{IPA|k}}||{{IPA|l}}||{{IPA|m}}||{{IPA|n}}|| style="border-left:0; border-right:0;" |{{IPA|o}},|| style="border-left:0; border-right:0;" |{{IPA|ə}}
|-
!{{abbr|ScTr|Scientific transcription}}
|a||b||v||g||d|| style="border-right:0;" |ˊe,|| style="border-left:0; border-right:0;" |je,|| style="border-left:0; border-right:0;" |ˊä,|| style="border-left:0" |ˊə|| style="border-right:0;" |ˊo,|| style="border-left:0" |jo||ž||z||i||j||k||l||m||n|| style="border-right:0;" |o,|| style="border-left:0;" |ə
|-
|
|-
!{{abbrlink|Cyr|Cyrillic alphabet}}
|Пп||Рр||Сс||Тт||Уу||Фф||Хх||Цц||Чч||Шш||Щщ||Ъъ||Ыы||Ьь|| colspan="2" |Ээ|| colspan="2" |Юю|| colspan="3" |Яя
|-
!{{abbrlink|IPA|International Phonetic Alphabet}}
|{{IPA|p}}||{{IPA|r}}||{{IPA|s}}||{{IPA|t}}||{{IPA|u}}||{{IPA|f}}||{{IPA|x}}||{{IPA|ts}}||{{IPA|tɕ}}||{{IPA|ʃ}}||{{IPA|ɕtɕ}}||{{IPA|ə}}||{{IPA|ɨ}}||{{IPA|ʲ}}|| style="border-right:0;" |{{IPA|e}},|| style="border-left:0;" |{{IPA|ɛ}}|| style="border-right:0;" |{{IPA|ʲu}},|| style="border-left:0;" |{{IPA|ju}}|| style="border-right:0;" |{{IPA|ʲa}},|| style="border-left:0; border-right:0;" |{{IPA|æ}},|| style="border-left:0;" |{{IPA|ja}}
|-
|-
!{{abbr|ScTr|Scientific transcription}}
|p||r||s||t||u||f||χ||c||č||š||šč||ə||i͔||ˊ|| style="border-right:0;" |e,|| style="border-left:0;" |ä|| style="border-right:0;" |ˊu,|| style="border-left:0;" |ju|| style="border-right:0;" |ˊa,|| style="border-left:0; border-right:0;" |ˊä,|| style="border-left:0;" |ja
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="background: white; color: black; text-align: center;"
|+From sounds to letters
!{{abbrlink|IPA|International Phonetic Alphabet}}
|{{IPA|a}}||{{IPA|ʲa}}||{{IPA|ja}}||{{IPA|ɛ}}|| colspan="2" |{{IPA|ʲɛ}}||{{IPA|b}}||{{IPA|v}}||{{IPA|ɡ}}||{{IPA|d}}||{{IPA|dʲ}}||{{IPA|e}}||{{IPA|ʲe}}||{{IPA|je}}||{{IPA|ʲə}}||{{IPA|ʲo}}||{{IPA|jo}}||{{IPA|ʒ}}||{{IPA|z}}||{{IPA|zʲ}}||{{IPA|i|}}||{{IPA|ɨ}}||{{IPA|j}}||{{IPA|k}}||{{IPA|l}}||{{IPA|lʲ}}||{{IPA|l̥}}||{{IPA|l̥ʲ}}
|-
!{{abbrlink|Cyr|Cyrillic alphabet}}
|а||я||я||э|| style="border-right:0;" |я,|| style="border-left:0;" |е||б||в||г||д||дь||э||е||е||е||ё||ё||ж||з||зь||и||ы||й||к||л||ль||лх||льх
|-
!{{abbr|ScTr|Scientific transcription}}
|a||ˊa||ja||ä|| colspan="2" |ˊä||b||v||g||d||d́||e||ˊe||je||ˊə||ˊo||jo||ž||z||ź||i||i͔||j||k||l||ľ||ʟ||ʟ́
|-
|
|-
!{{abbrlink|IPA|International Phonetic Alphabet}}
|{{IPA|m}}||{{IPA|n}}||{{IPA|o}}||{{IPA|p}}||{{IPA|r}}||{{IPA|rʲ}}||{{IPA|r̥}}||{{IPA|r̥ʲ}}||{{IPA|s}}||{{IPA|sʲ}}||{{IPA|t}}||{{IPA|tʲ}}||{{IPA|u}}||{{IPA|ʲu}}||{{IPA|ju}}||{{IPA|f}}||{{IPA|x}}||{{IPA|ts}}||{{IPA|tsʲ}}||{{IPA|tɕ}}||{{IPA|ʃ}}||{{IPA|ɕtɕ}}|| colspan="4" |{{IPA|ə}}
|-
!{{abbrlink|Cyr|Cyrillic alphabet}}
|м||н||о||п||р||рь||рх||рьх||с||сь||т||ть||у||ю||ю||ф||х||ц||ць||ч||ш||щ|| style="border-right:0;" |о,|| style="border-left:0;border-right:0;" |ъ,<abbr title="since 1993 in the first syllable">*</abbr>|| style="border-left:0;border-right:0;" |a,<abbr title="at the end of words">*</abbr>|| style="border-left:0;" |и<abbr title="sometimes">*</abbr>
|-
!{{abbr|ScTr|Scientific transcription}}
|m||n||o||p||r||ŕ||ʀ||ʀ́||s||ś||t||t́||u||ˊu||ju||f||χ||c||ć||č||š||šč|| colspan="4" |ə
|}