Editing Monoamine transporter (section)

===Amphetamine===
In contrast, amphetamine enters the presynaptic neuron directly through the neuronal membrane or through monoamine transporters, competing for reuptake with neurotransmitters.  Once inside, it binds to [[trace amine-associated receptor 1|TAAR1]] or enters synaptic vesicles through [[vesicular monoamine transporter 2|VMAT2]].  When amphetamine binds to TAAR1, it reduces post-synaptic receptor firing rate and triggers [[protein kinase A]] and [[protein kinase C]] signaling, resulting in transporter phosphorylation.  Phosphorylated transporters then either operate in reverse or withdraw into the presynaptic neuron and cease transport.  When amphetamine enters the synaptic vesicles through VMAT2, monoamines are released into the cytosol.<ref name="Miller">{{cite journal | author = Miller GM | title = The emerging role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in the functional regulation of monoamine transporters and dopaminergic activity | journal = J. Neurochem. | volume = 116 | issue = 2 | pages = 164–76 |date=January 2011 | pmid = 21073468 | pmc = 3005101 | doi = 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07109.x }}</ref><ref name="E Weihe">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eiden LE, Weihe E | title = VMAT2: a dynamic regulator of brain monoaminergic neuronal function interacting with drugs of abuse | journal = Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | volume = 1216 | issue = 1| pages = 86–98 |date=January 2011 | pmid = 21272013 | doi = 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05906.x | pmc=4183197| bibcode = 2011NYASA1216...86E }}</ref>