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Negative temperature
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== Further reading == * {{cite book |last1=Kittel |first1=C. |author1-link=Charles Kittel |last2=Kroemer |first2=H. |author2-link=Herbert Kroemer |year=1980 |title=Thermal Physics |edition=2nd |publisher=[[W. H. Freeman]] |isbn=978-0-7167-1088-2 }} * {{cite book |last1=Castle |first1=J. |last2=Emmerich |first2=W. |last3=Heikes |first3=R. |last4=Miller |first4=R. |last5=Rayne |first5=J. |year=1965 |title=Science by Degrees: Temperature from Zero to Zero |publisher=[[Walker and Company]] |lccn=64023985 }} * {{cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.1227831|title=Negative Absolute Temperature for Motional Degrees of Freedom|year=2013|last1=Braun|first1=S.|last2=Ronzheimer|first2=J. P.|last3=Schreiber|first3=M.|last4=Hodgman|first4=S. S.|last5=Rom|first5=T.|last6=Bloch|first6=I.|last7=Schneider|first7=U.|journal=Science|volume=339|issue=6115|pages=52β5|url=https://www.mpg.de/research/negative-absolute-temperature|pmid=23288533 |arxiv = 1211.0545 |bibcode = 2013Sci...339...52B |s2cid=8207974}} * {{cite journal|title= Thermal Time Scales in a Color Glass Condensate|doi= 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.017901|year= 2006|journal= Physical Review C|volume= 73|issue= 17901|pages= 017901|arxiv=hep-ph/0505199|bibcode = 2006PhRvC..73a7901P|last1= Parihar|first1= V.|last2= Widom|first2= A.|last3= Srivastava|first3= Y. |s2cid= 119090586}} * {{cite journal |title= Atomic Gases at Negative Kinetic Temperature |doi= 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.040403 |pmid= 16090784 |year= 2005 |journal= Physical Review Letters |volume= 95 |issue= 4|pages= 040403 |arxiv=cond-mat/0501344|bibcode = 2005PhRvL..95d0403M |last1= Mosk |first1= A. |s2cid= 1156732 }} * {{cite journal |title= Control of Local Relaxation Behavior in Closed Bipartite Quantum Systems |doi= 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.016117 |pmid= 16090046 |year= 2005 |journal= Physical Review E |volume= 72 |issue= 7|pages= 016117 |arxiv=quant-ph/0502181|bibcode = 2005PhRvE..72a6117S |last1= Schmidt |first1= Harry |last2= Mahler |first2= GΓΌnter |s2cid= 17987338 }} * {{cite journal |title= Anti-shielding Effect and Negative Temperature in Instantaneously Reversed Electric Fields and Left-Handed Media |doi= 10.1238/Physica.Regular.068a00087 |year= 2003 |journal= Physica Scripta |volume= 68 |issue= 1 |pages= 87β97|arxiv=cond-mat/0302351|bibcode = 2003PhyS...68...87S |last1= Shen |first1= Jian-Qi |s2cid= 118894011 }} * {{cite conference|url=https://video.ethz.ch/speakers/zurich_physics_colloquium/8ebe0f93-e6f3-4ce1-b824-1dc587042cc1.html|format=movie|title=Towards Quantum Magnetism with Ultracold Atoms|last=Ketterle|first=Wolfgang|date=22 Sep 2010|conference=The Zurich Physics Colloquium|conference-url=http://www.multimedia.ethz.ch/speakers/zurich_physics_colloquium|location = ETH Zurich, ITS-MMS; Switzerland|access-date=1 Jan 2016|quote=Negative temperature, at about 48min. 53sec.}} * {{cite journal|date=2013-01-04 |title=Negative Temperatures? |journal=Science |volume=339 |pages=42β43 |doi=10.1126/science.1232558|last1=Carr|first1=Lincoln D.|issue=6115|pmid=23288530 |bibcode = 2013Sci...339...42C |s2cid=124095369 }}
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