Editing Nigger (section)

==Related words==
===Derivatives===
[[File:The Nigger in the Woodpile.jpg|thumb|Anti-abolitionist cartoon from the 1860 presidential campaign illustrating colloquial usage of "[[Nigger in the woodpile]]"]]

In several English-speaking countries, "[[Niggerhead]]" or "nigger head" was used as a name for many sorts of things, including [[#Commercial products|commercial products]], [[#Place names|places]], [[#Nature|plants and animals]], as a descriptive term (lit. 'black person's head'). It also is or was a colloquial technical term in industry, mining, and seafaring. ''Nigger'' as "defect" (a hidden problem) derives from "[[nigger in the woodpile]]", a US slave-era phrase denoting escaped slaves hiding in train-transported woodpiles.<ref name="Oxford English Reference Dictionary 1996 p.981">{{cite book |title=The Oxford English Reference Dictionary |edition=2nd |year=1996|page=981}}</ref><!--better to use {{cite dictionary}} and cite the individual entry--> In the 1840s, the ''[[Morning Chronicle]]'' newspaper report series ''[[London Labour and the London Poor]]'', by [[Henry Mayhew]], records the usages of both "nigger" and the similar-sounding word "niggard" denoting a false bottom for a grate.<ref>vol 2 p6</ref>

{{anchor|nigger lover}}In [[American English]], "nigger lover" initially applied to [[abolitionists]], then to white people sympathetic towards black Americans.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Herbst |first1=Philip |title=The Color of Words: An Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Ethnic Bias in the United States |date=1997 |publisher=Intercultural Press |isbn=978-1-877864-97-1 |page=166 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UiZQH5gHuggC |via=[[Google Books]] |access-date=September 24, 2016 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915130531/https://books.google.com/books?id=UiZQH5gHuggC |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[portmanteau]] word ''[[wigger]]'' ('White' + 'nigger') denotes a white person emulating "street Black behavior", hoping to gain acceptance to the [[hip hop]], thug, and [[gangsta rap|gangsta]] sub-cultures. [[Norman Mailer]] wrote of the antecedents of this phenomenon in 1957 in his essay ''[[The White Negro]]''.

In [[Ukraine]], the word "zigger" (''[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]'': 'зіггер') is sometimes used as a derogatory term by [[Ukrainians]] to refer to [[Russian Armed Forces|Russian soldiers]] and those who follow the [[State propaganda in the Russian Federation|Russian government's propaganda]]. The word comes from replacing the first letter of "nigger" with a Z, which is a reference to the [[Z (military symbol)|"Z" tactical symbol]] used by Russian troops and [[Russian nationalism|Russian nationalists]].<ref>{{Citation |title=zigger |date=2025-02-04 |work=Wiktionary, the free dictionary |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zigger |access-date=2025-02-06 |language=en}}</ref>  It is used as a more offensive alternative to calling someone a "[[vatnik]]."

===''The N-word'' euphemism===
{{Quote box|width=376px|border=0px|salign=right|tstyle=font-size:100%|title=Notable usage<ref name="finnasidolandtarget">{{cite book |title=Huckleberry Finn as idol and target |first=Jonathan |last=Arac |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=twfLrDgYRlUC&pg=PA29 |access-date=August 18, 2010 |date=November 1997 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]] |location=[[Madison, Wisconsin]] |isbn=978-0-299-15534-6 |page=29 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915130940/https://books.google.com/books?id=twfLrDgYRlUC&pg=PA29#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>|source=— Kenneth B. Noble, January 14, 1995 ''[[The New York Times]]''<ref>{{cite news |work=The New York Times |title=Issue of Racism Erupts in Simpson Trial |first=Kenneth B. |last=Noble |date=January 14, 1995 |access-date=February 2, 2021 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/14/us/issue-of-racism-erupts-in-simpson-trial.html |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308142922/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/14/us/issue-of-racism-erupts-in-simpson-trial.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|quote=The prosecutor {{bracket|[[Christopher Darden]]}}, his voice trembling, added that the "N-word" was so vile he would not utter it. "It's the filthiest, dirtiest, nastiest word in the English language."}}

One of the first uses of ''the [[wikt:n-word|N-word]]'' [[euphemism]] by a major public figure came during the racially contentious [[O. J. Simpson murder case]] in 1995. Key prosecution witness Detective [[Mark Fuhrman]], of the [[Los Angeles Police Department]]—who denied using racist language on duty—impeached himself with his prolific use of ''nigger'' in tape recordings about his police work. Co-prosecutor [[Christopher Darden]] refused to say the actual word, calling it "the filthiest, dirtiest, nastiest word in the English language". Media personnel who reported on Fuhrman's testimony substituted ''the N-word'' for ''nigger''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McWhorter |first=John |date=April 30, 2021 |title=How the N-Word Became Unsayable |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/30/opinion/john-mcwhorter-n-word-unsayable.html |access-date=May 27, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611014642/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/30/opinion/john-mcwhorter-n-word-unsayable.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Cherry |date=October 4, 2020 |title=N-word: The troubled history of the racial slur |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-53749800 |access-date=May 27, 2023 |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210121239/https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-53749800 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Similar-sounding words===
{{lang|la|Niger}} (Latin for "black") occurs in Latinate [[scientific nomenclature]] and is the [[root word]] for some [[homophone]]s of ''nigger''; sellers of [[niger seed]] (used as bird feed), sometimes use the spelling ''Nyjer'' seed. The classical [[Latin spelling and pronunciation|Latin pronunciation]] {{IPA|/ˈniɡeɾ/}} sounds similar to the English {{IPA|/ˈnɪɡər/}}, occurring in biologic and [[anatomic]] names, such as ''[[Hyoscyamus niger]]'' (black henbane), and even for animals that are in fact not black, such as ''[[Sciurus niger]]'' (fox squirrel).

{{lang|la|Nigra}} is the Latin feminine form of {{lang|la|niger}} (black), used in biologic and anatomic names such as [[substantia nigra]] (black substance).

The word ''niggardly'' (miserly) is etymologically unrelated to ''nigger'', derived from the [[Old Norse]] word {{lang|non|nig}} (stingy) and the [[Middle English]] word {{lang|enm|nigon}}. In the US, this word [[controversies about the word niggardly|has been misinterpreted]] as related to ''nigger'' and taken as offensive. In January 1999, David Howard, a white Washington, D.C., city employee, was compelled to resign after using ''niggardly''—in a financial context—while speaking with black colleagues, who took umbrage. After reviewing the misunderstanding, Mayor [[Anthony A. Williams]] offered to reinstate Howard to his former position. Howard refused reinstatement but took a job elsewhere in the mayor's government.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/williams/williams020499.htm |title=D.C. Mayor Acted 'Hastily', Will Rehire Aide |last=Woodlee |first=Yolanda |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 4, 1999 |access-date=August 17, 2007 |archive-date=August 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820112736/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/williams/williams020499.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{lang|es|Negro}} {{IPA|[ˈne.ɣ̞ɾo]}} is the Spanish word for 'black', and is commonly a part of place names and proper names, particularly in the [[Southwestern United States|Southwest of the United States]].

===Denotational extension===
{{Anchor|Sand nigger}}
[[File:02 05 03 Die Arab Sand.jpg|thumb|"Die Arab sand-niggers", graffiti by far-right Israeli [[Kach]] activists on a [[State of Palestine|Palestinian]] home in [[Hebron]]  in 2002<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-08-22 |title=CPTnet May Releases: HEBRON UPDATE: April 29-May 3, 2002 |url=http://www.prairienet.org/cpt/archives/2002/may02/0009.html |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020822104737/http://www.prairienet.org/cpt/archives/2002/may02/0009.html |archive-date=August 22, 2002 }}</ref>]]

The [[denotation]]s of ''nigger'' also include non-black/non-white and other disadvantaged people. Some of these terms are self-chosen, to identify with the oppression and resistance of black Americans; others are [[ethnic slur]]s used by outsiders.

[[Jerry Farber]]'s 1967 essay collection, ''[[The Student as Nigger]]'', used the word as a metaphor for what he saw as the role forced on students. Farber had been, at the time, frequently arrested as a civil rights activist while beginning his career as a literature professor.

In his 1968 autobiography ''[[White Niggers of America]]: The Precocious Autobiography of a Quebec "Terrorist"'', [[Pierre Vallières]], a {{lang|fr|italic=no|[[Front de libération du Québec]]}} leader, refers to the oppression of the [[Québécois (word)|Québécois people]] in North America.

In 1969, in the course of being interviewed by the British magazine ''[[Nova (UK magazine)|Nova]]'', artist [[Yoko Ono]] said "woman is the nigger of the world"; three years later, her husband, [[John Lennon]], published the song [[Woman Is the Nigger of the World|of the same name]]—about the worldwide phenomenon of discrimination against women—which was socially and politically controversial to US sensibilities.

''Sand nigger'', an ethnic slur against Arabs, and ''timber nigger'' and ''prairie nigger'', ethnic slurs against Native Americans, are examples of the racist extension of ''nigger'' upon other non-white peoples.<ref name="Kennedy">{{Cite journal |title=Who Can Say 'Nigger'? And Other Considerations |first=Randall L. |last=Kennedy |author-link=Randall Kennedy |journal=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education |issue=26 |date=Winter 1999–2000 |pages=86–96 [87] |jstor=2999172 |doi=10.2307/2999172}}</ref>

In 1978, singer [[Patti Smith]] used the word in "[[Rock N Roll Nigger]]". One year later in 1979, English singer [[Elvis Costello]] used the phrase "[[white nigger]]" in his song "[[Oliver's Army]]". The slur usually remains uncensored on radio stations, but Costello's usage of the word came under scrutiny, particularly after he used racial slurs during a drunken argument with [[Stephen Stills]] and [[Bonnie Bramlett]] in 1979. In the same year, Costello's father published a letter in ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' defending his son against accusations of racism, stating "Nothing could be further from the truth. My own background has meant that I am passionately opposed to any form of prejudice based on religion or race&nbsp;... His mother comes from the tough multiracial area of [[Liverpool]], and I think she would still beat the tar out of him if his orthodoxy were in doubt".<ref name="McManus">{{cite magazine |last=McManus |first=Ross |date=June 14, 1979 |title=Elvis Costello |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |location=New York City}}</ref> 

Historian [[Eugene Genovese]], noted for bringing a [[Marxist]] perspective to the study of power, class and relations between planters and slaves in the South, uses the word pointedly in ''The World the Slaveholders Made'' (1988).
{{blockquote|For reasons common to the slave condition all slave classes displayed a lack of industrial initiative and produced the famous Lazy Nigger, who under Russian serfdom and elsewhere was white. Just as not all Blacks, even under the most degrading forms of slavery, consented to become niggers, so by no means all or even most of the niggers in history have been Black.}}

[[Oberon Zell-Ravenheart#Green Egg|The editor]] of ''[[Green Egg]]'', a magazine described in ''The [[Encyclopedia of American Religions]]'' as a significant periodical, published an essay entitled "Niggers of the New Age". This argued that [[Neopaganism|Neo-Pagans]] were treated badly by other parts of the [[New Age]] movement.<ref>{{cite book |last1=G'Zell |first1=Otter |title=Green Egg Omelette: An Anthology of Art and Articles from the Legendary Pagan Journal |date=2009 |page=209 |publisher=New Page Books |isbn=978-1601630469}}</ref>

===Other languages===
{{refimprove section|date=December 2023}}
Other languages, particularly [[Romance languages]], have words that sound similar to or share etymological roots with ''nigger'' but do not necessarily mean the same. In some of these languages, the words refer to the color black in general and are not specifically used to refer to black people. When used to refer to black people, these words have acquired varying degrees of offensiveness, ranging from completely neutral (as in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] {{lang|es|negro}}) to highly racist (as in [[Finnish language|Finnish]] {{lang|fi|Neekeri}}). Examples of related words in other languages include:

*[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]: {{lang|bg|Негър}} ({{lang|bg-Latn|negar}}), loaned from French {{lang|fr|nègre}}, is considered a neutral word for black people in [[Bulgaria]]. Some publications and institutions use {{lang|bg|чернокож}} or {{lang|bg|тъмнокож}}, but the use of {{lang|bg|негър}} is more widespread.
*[[Dutch language|Dutch]]: {{lang|nl|Neger}} ('negro') used to be neutral, but many now consider it to be avoided in favor of {{lang|nl|zwarte}} ('black').<ref>{{Cite web|title=Waarom wil je ons zo graag neger noemen?|lang=nl|url=http://www.joop.nl/opinies/waarom-wil-je-ons-zo-graag-neger-noemen|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220220515/http://www.joop.nl/opinies/waarom-wil-je-ons-zo-graag-neger-noemen|archivedate=2016-02-20|work=joop.nl|first=Mitchell|last=Esajas|date=2014-05-25}}</ref><ref>[http://taaltelefoon.vlaanderen.be/nlapps/docs/default.asp?id=2047 "Neger/zwarte"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612182420/http://taaltelefoon.vlaanderen.be/nlapps/docs/default.asp?id=2047 |date=June 12, 2013 }}, ''Taaltelefoon''.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Volkskrant stijlboek |language=nl |trans-title=Volkskrant style book |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/media/stijlboek~a4255465/ |website=Volkskrant |access-date=December 14, 2016 |archive-date=December 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202235128/http://www.volkskrant.nl/media/stijlboek~a4255465/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Stijlboek |language=nl |trans-title=Style book |url=https://apps.nrc.nl/stijlboek/search/node/neger |website=NRC handelsblad |access-date=December 14, 2016 |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220144116/https://apps.nrc.nl/stijlboek/search/node/neger |url-status=live }}</ref> {{lang|nl|Zwartje}} ('little black one') can be amicably or offensively used. {{lang|nl|Nikker}} is always pejorative.<ref>[[Van Dale]], ''Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse taal'', 2010</ref>
* [[Finnish language|Finnish]]: {{lang|fi|Neekeri}} ('negro/nigger'), as a loan word ('Neger') from the [[Swedish language]], appeared for the first time in a book published in 1771.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jussila |first=Raimo |title=Vanhat sanat: Vanhan kirjasuomen ensiesiintymiä |year=1998 |pages=170, 365 |location=Helsinki |publisher=Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura / Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus |isbn=951-746-008-2 |language=fi}}</ref> The use of the Finnish equivalent ({{lang|fi|neekeri}}) began in the late 19th century. Until the 1980s, it was commonly used and generally not yet considered derogatory, although a few instances of it being considered to be so have been documented since the 1950s; by the mid-1990s the word was considered racist, especially in the metropolitan area and among the younger population.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rastas |first=Anna |chapter=Neutraalisti rasistinen? Erään sanan politiikkaa |title=Rasismi lasten ja nuorten arjessa: Transnationaalit juuret ja monikulttuuristuva Suomi |location=Tampere |publisher=Tampere University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-951-44-6946-6 |url=http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:978-951-44-6964-0 |language=fi |access-date=December 26, 2020 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915130944/https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/67726 |url-status=live }}</ref> It has since then usually been replaced by the [[metonymy|metonym]] {{lang|fi|musta}} ('black [person]').<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Raittila |editor-first=Pentti |title=Etnisyys ja rasismi journalismissa |year=2002 |chapter=Etniset vähemmistöt uutisissa |pages=25–26 |last=Pietikäinen |first=Sari |location=Tampere |publisher=Tampere University Press |isbn=951-44-5486-3 |url=https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/65640 |access-date=December 26, 2020 |archive-date=April 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417183905/https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/65640 |url-status=live }}</ref> In a survey conducted in 2000, Finnish respondents considered the term {{lang|fi|Neekeri}} to be among the most offensive of minority designations.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Tervonen| first=Satu| title=Etnisten nimitysten eri sävyt| journal=Kielikello| year=2001| number=1/2001| publisher=Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus| url=https://www.kielikello.fi/-/etnisten-nimitysten-eri-savyt| language=fi| access-date=December 26, 2020| archive-date=December 4, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204104134/https://www.kielikello.fi/-/etnisten-nimitysten-eri-savyt| url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[French language|French]]: {{lang|fr|[[Nègre]]}} is now considered derogatory. Although {{lang|fr|Nègre littéraire}} was the standard term for a [[ghostwriter]], it has largely been supplanted by {{lang|fr|prête-plume}}. Some white Frenchmen have the surname [[Negre|Nègre]]. The word can still be used as a synonym of "sweetheart" in some traditional Louisiana [[French-based creole languages|French creole]] songs.
*[[German language|German]]: {{lang|de|Neger}} is dated and now considered offensive. {{lang|de|Schwarze/-r}} ('black [person]') or {{lang|de|Farbige/-r}} ("colored [person]") is more neutral.
*[[Haitian Creole]]: {{lang|ht|nèg}} is used for any man in general, regardless of skin color (like ''[[dude]]'' in [[American English]]). Haitian Creole derives predominantly from French.
*[[Italian language|Italian]] has three variants: {{lang|it|negro}}, {{lang|it|nero}} and {{lang|it|di colore}}. The first one is the most historically attested and was the most commonly used until the 1960s as an equivalent of the English word "negro". It was gradually felt as offensive during the 1970s and replaced with {{lang|it|nero}} and {{lang|it|di colore}}. {{lang|it|Nero}} was considered a better translation of the English word ''black'', while {{lang|it|di colore}} is a [[calque|loan translation]] of the English word ''colored''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.accademiadellacrusca.it/it/lingua-italiana/consulenza-linguistica/domande-risposte/nero-negro-colore |publisher=Accademia della Crusca |title=Nero, negro e di colore |date=12 October 2012 |language=it |access-date=September 30, 2019 |archive-date=September 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930063932/http://www.accademiadellacrusca.it/it/lingua-italiana/consulenza-linguistica/domande-risposte/nero-negro-colore |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: {{lang|pt-BR|Negro}} (as well as {{lang|pt-BR|preto}}) is neutral;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/trabalhoerendimento/pnad2009/tabelas_pdf/brasil_1_2.pdf |title=Tabela 1.2 – População residente, por cor ou raça, segundo a situação do domicílio e o sexo – Brasil – 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122330/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/trabalhoerendimento/pnad2009/tabelas_pdf/brasil_1_2.pdf |archive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/ibgeteen/povoamento/negros/popnegra.html |title=Evolutio da populaco brasileira, segundo a cor – 1872/1991|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221233359/http://www.ibge.gov.br/ibgeteen/povoamento/negros/popnegra.html |archive-date=December 21, 2010 }}</ref> nevertheless {{lang|pt-BR|preto}} can be offensive or at least "[[political correctness|politically incorrect]]" and is almost never proudly used by Afro-Brazilians. {{lang|pt-BR|Crioulo}} and {{lang|pt-BR|[[macaca (term)|macaco]]}} are always extremely pejorative.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0,,MUL58456-5606,00-SOU+INCAPAZ+DE+QUALQUER+ATITUDE+RACISTA+DIZ+PROCURADOR.html |title=G1 > Edição Rio de Janeiro – NOTÍCIAS – Sou incapaz de qualquer atitude racista, diz procurador |website=G1 |publisher=Grupo Globo |access-date=October 9, 2019 |archive-date=September 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912031132/https://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0,,MUL58456-5606,00-SOU+INCAPAZ+DE+QUALQUER+ATITUDE+RACISTA+DIZ+PROCURADOR.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Romanian language|Romanian]]: {{lang|ro|Negrotei}} is derogatory;<ref>{{cite web|title=negrotei - definiție Argou și paradigmă |url=https://dexonline.ro/definitie/negrotei|access-date=June 12, 2023|website=Dicționar explicativ al limbii române|language=ro|archive-date=June 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612194233/https://dexonline.ro/definitie/negrotei|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Russian language|Russian]]: the word {{lang|ru|[[:ru:негр|негр]]}} ({{lang|ru-Latn|negr}}) has been commonly used as neutral word to describe black people until recent years. It can also be used as a synonym for underpaid worker; "{{lang|ru|литературный негр}}" ({{lang|ru-Latn|literaturny negr}}) means ghostwriter.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ozhegov |first=Sergeĭ Ivanovich|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1041202243|script-title=ru:Толковый словарь русского языка : около 100 000 слови |last2=Skvortsov |first2=Lev Ivanovich |year=2014|isbn=978-5-94666-678-7|edition=28th |location=Moscow|oclc=1041202243|access-date=December 9, 2020|archive-date=September 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915130943/https://search.worldcat.org/title/1041202243|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 29, 2000|script-title=ru:Латыши и гости столицы|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/17514|access-date=March 8, 2021|website=Kommersant|language=ru|archive-date=August 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818214659/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/17514|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|script-title=ru:Писатели-призраки|url=https://newizv.ru/news/culture/29-06-2007/71864-pisateli-prizraki|access-date=March 8, 2021|website=Noviye Izvestiya |archive-date=April 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417202405/https://newizv.ru/news/culture/29-06-2007/71864-pisateli-prizraki|url-status=live}}</ref> Nowadays, a black person would often be described neutrally as "{{lang|ru|чернокожий}}" ({{lang|ru-Latn|chernokozhiy}}, 'black-skinned'), though the organization [[Help Needed]] instead recommends "{{lang|ru|темнокожий}}" ({{lang|ru-Latn|temnokozhiy}}, 'dark-skinned').<ref name="Такие Дела 2019 f016">{{cite web | script-title=ru:Почему плохо говорить «негр»? | website=Takiye Dela | date=April 8, 2019 | url=https://takiedela.ru/dictionary-words/negr/ | language=ru | access-date=July 25, 2023 | archive-date=January 3, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103145526/https://takiedela.ru/dictionary-words/negr/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Spanish language|Spanish]]: {{lang|es|Negro}} is the word for "black" and is the only way to refer to that color.<ref>{{cite dictionary |title=negro, gra |url=https://dle.rae.es/negro |access-date=February 1, 2023 |publisher=Diccionario de la lengua española |edition=tricentenary |language=es |archive-date=December 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207211744/https://dle.rae.es/negro |url-status=live }}</ref>