Editing Party system (section)

==== Provincial party systems ====
Party systems differ across Canada in each province, as different provinces have different priorities, and values for their residents.<ref name="WesleyBuckley2021">{{Cite journal |last1=Wesley |first1=Jared J. |last2=Buckley |first2=Clare |date=2021-04-03 |title=Canadian Provincial Party Systems: An Analytical Typology |journal=American Review of Canadian Studies |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=213–236 |doi=10.1080/02722011.2021.1923249 |issn=0272-2011 |s2cid=237436279}}</ref> According to Jared Wesley and Clare Buckley, there are two ways of comparing provincial party systems in Canada: "conflict intensity"'','' which is the extent to which parties challenge each other on priorities and opinions, some party systems features more competition when it comes to party options; and competitiveness, a measure of how close the average election is in terms of outcome, an uncompetitive system would show dominance in one party but competitiveness is good in sense that it gives a better sense of democracy.<ref name="WesleyBuckley2021" /> This leads to what they determine are the two types of party systems that are common in provincial politics: centripetal party systems and centrifugal party systems.
* Centripetal party systems are most prevalent in [[Central Canada|Central]] and [[Atlantic Canada]], due to regional, linguistic, religious, and ethnic cleavages. They are regions where typically one prominent party reigns. These regions are where the Liberal Party has remained a strong political force prominently for decades.<ref name="WesleyBuckley2021" />
* Centrifugal party system which has been polarized to describe party systems such as those in [[Western Canada]]. Competition between various different parties with vast differences in ideologies and values.<ref name="WesleyBuckley2021" />

Additionally, from elections based from 1960 to 1995, Wesley and Buckley concluded that there are four different classifications of a party system for each of the ten provincial party systems.<ref name="WesleyBuckley2021" /> These groupings of classifications have most likely changed since 1995, as there has been a rise in different political parties for different provinces since these times. The four categories include:
* [[Dominant-party system|One-party dominant]]: Alberta
* [[Two-party system|Traditional two-party]]: Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland
* [[Multi-party system|Three-party]]: Ontario, Manitoba
* Polarized: British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Quebec, New Brunswick

There has been a growing separation between federal and provincial political party systems, resulting in a separation of political perspectives typically associated with specific parties therefore fewer provincial and federal systems are symmetrical. Provincial systems for example, are simpler, stable, and often reflect the cleavages of each province (such as language, religion, class and ethnicity).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carty |first=R. Kenneth |date=2006 |title=Political Turbulence in a Dominant Party System |journal=PS: Political Science and Politics |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=825–827 |doi=10.1017/S1049096506061026 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |issn=1049-0965 |s2cid=155027795}}</ref>