Editing Peer-to-peer (section)

==Applications==

===Content delivery===
In P2P networks, clients both provide and use resources. This means that unlike client–server systems, the content-serving capacity of peer-to-peer networks can actually ''increase'' as more users begin to access the content (especially with protocols such as [[Bittorrent|BitTorrent]] that require users to share, refer a performance measurement study<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6488040 | doi=10.1109/NCC.2013.6488040 | chapter=Performance analysis of BitTorrent protocol | title=2013 National Conference on Communications (NCC) | date=2013 | last1=Sharma | first1=Parul | last2=Bhakuni | first2=Anuja | last3=Kaushal | first3=Rishabh | pages=1–5 | isbn=978-1-4673-5952-8 }}</ref>). This property is one of the major advantages of using P2P networks because it makes the setup and running costs very small for the original content distributor.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Li |first=Jin |title=On peer-to-peer (P2P) content delivery |journal=Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications |volume=1 |issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s12083-007-0003-1 |pages=45–63 ≤≥ |url=http://www.land.ufrj.br/~classes/coppe-redes-2008/biblio/P2P-content-delivery.pdf |year=2008 |s2cid=16438304 |archive-date=2013-10-04 |access-date=2013-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004234834/http://www.land.ufrj.br/~classes/coppe-redes-2008/biblio/P2P-content-delivery.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Stutzbach |first=Daniel |chapter=The scalability of swarming peer-to-peer content delivery |editor-last=Boutaba |editor-first=Raouf |title=NETWORKING 2005 -- Networking Technologies, Services, and Protocols; Performance of Computer and Communication Networks; Mobile and Wireless Communications Systems |publisher=Springer |year=2005 |isbn=978-3-540-25809-4 |pages=15–26 |chapter-url=http://ix.cs.uoregon.edu/~reza/PUB/networking05.pdf |display-authors=etal|display-editors=etal}}</ref>

===File-sharing networks===
[[Peer-to-peer file sharing]] networks such as [[Gnutella]], [[Gnutella2|G2]], and the [[eDonkey network]] have been useful in popularizing peer-to-peer technologies. These advancements have paved the way for [[Content delivery network|Peer-to-peer content delivery networks]] and services, including distributed caching systems like Correli Caches to enhance performance.<ref>Gareth Tyson, Andreas Mauthe, Sebastian Kaune, Mu Mu and Thomas Plagemann. Corelli: A Dynamic Replication Service for Supporting Latency-Dependent Content in Community Networks. In Proc. 16th ACM/SPIE Multimedia Computing and Networking Conference (MMCN), San Jose, CA (2009).{{cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/staff/tysong/files/MMCN09.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429181811/http://www.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/staff/tysong/files/MMCN09.pdf |archive-date=2011-04-29 |access-date=2011-03-12}}</ref> Furthermore, peer-to-peer networks have made possible the software publication and distribution, enabling efficient sharing of [[Linux distribution]] and various games through [[file sharing]] networks.

====Copyright infringements====
Peer-to-peer networking involves data transfer from one user to another without using an intermediate server. Companies developing P2P applications have been involved in numerous legal cases, primarily in the United States, over conflicts with [[copyright]] law.<ref name="Springer">{{cite book |last=Glorioso |first=Andrea |chapter=The Social Impact of P2P Systems |editor=Shen |title=Handbook of Peer-to-Peer Networking|publisher=Springer |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-387-09750-3 |page=48 |display-authors=etal|display-editors=etal}}</ref> Two major cases are ''[[Grokster]] vs RIAA'' and ''[[MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.]]''.<ref name="news.cnet.com">{{cite web |author=John Borland |title=Judge: File-Swapping Tools are Legal |url=http://news.cnet.com/Judge-File-swapping-tools-are-legal/2100-1027_3-998363.html/ |date=April 25, 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310165410/http://news.cnet.com/Judge-File-swapping-tools-are-legal/2100-1027_3-998363.html |archive-date=2012-03-10 |website=news.cnet.com |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the last case, the Court unanimously held that defendant peer-to-peer file sharing companies Grokster and Streamcast could be sued for inducing copyright infringement.

===Multimedia===
The [[P2PTV]] and [[PDTP]] protocols are used in various peer-to-peer applications. Some [[Proprietary software|proprietary]] multimedia applications leverage a peer-to-peer network in conjunction with streaming servers to stream audio and video to their clients. [[Peercasting]] is employed for multicasting streams. Additionally, a project called [[LionShare]], undertaken by [[Pennsylvania State University]], MIT, and [[Simon Fraser University]], aims to facilitate file sharing among educational institutions globally. Another notable program, [[Osiris (Serverless Portal System)|Osiris]], enables users to create anonymous and autonomous web portals that are distributed via a peer-to-peer network.

===Other P2P applications===
[[File:Torrent peers.png|thumb|[[Torrent file]] connect peers]][[Dat (software)|Dat]] is a distributed version-controlled publishing platform. [[I2P]], is an [[overlay network]] used to browse the Internet [[Internet anonymity|anonymously]]. Unlike the related I2P, the [[Tor network]] is not itself peer-to-peer{{Dubious|date=December 2022}}; however, it can enable peer-to-peer applications to be built on top of it via [[onion services]]. The [[InterPlanetary File System]] (IPFS) is a [[Communications protocol|protocol]] and network designed to create a [[content-addressable storage|content-addressable]], peer-to-peer method of storing and sharing [[hypermedia]] distribution protocol, with nodes in the IPFS network forming a [[distributed file system]]. [[Jami (software)|Jami]] is a peer-to-peer chat and [[Session Initiation Protocol|SIP]] app. [[JXTA]] is a peer-to-peer protocol designed for the [[Java platform]]. [[Netsukuku]] is a [[Wireless community network]] designed to be independent from the Internet. [[Open Garden]] is a connection-sharing application that shares Internet access with other devices using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.

[[Resilio Sync]] is a directory-syncing app. Research includes projects such as the [[Chord project]], the [[PAST storage utility]], the [[P-Grid]], and the [[CoopNet content distribution system]]. [[Secure Scuttlebutt]] is a peer-to-peer [[gossip protocol]] capable of supporting many different types of applications, primarily [[Social networking service|social networking]]. [[Syncthing]] is also a directory-syncing app. [[Tradepal]] l and [[M-commerce]] applications are designed to power real-time marketplaces. The [[U.S. Department of Defense]] is conducting research on P2P networks as part of its modern network warfare strategy.<ref>{{cite news |last=Walker |first=Leslie |date=2001-11-08 |title=Uncle Sam Wants Napster! |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=washtech/techthursday/columns/dotcom&contentId=A59099-2001Nov7 |access-date=2010-05-22 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> In May 2003, [[Anthony Tether]], then director of [[DARPA]], testified that the United States military uses P2P networks. [[WebTorrent]] is a P2P [[Stream (computing)|streaming]] [[torrent client]] in [[JavaScript]] for use in [[web browser]]s, as well as in the [[WebTorrent Desktop]] standalone version that bridges WebTorrent and [[BitTorrent]] serverless networks. [[Microsoft]], in [[Windows 10]], uses a proprietary peer-to-peer technology called "Delivery Optimization" to deploy operating system updates using end-users' PCs either on the local network or other PCs. According to Microsoft's Channel 9, this led to a 30%-50% reduction in Internet bandwidth usage.<ref>Hammerksjold Andreas; Engler, Narkis, [https://channel9.msdn.com/Events/Ignite/Microsoft-Ignite-Orlando-2017/BRK2048 "Delivery Optimization - a deep dive"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204231107/https://channel9.msdn.com/Events/Ignite/Microsoft-Ignite-Orlando-2017/BRK2048|date=2019-02-04}}, ''[[Channel 9 (Microsoft)|Channel 9]]'', 11 October 2017, Retrieved on 4 February 2019.</ref> Artisoft's [[LANtastic]] was built as a peer-to-peer operating system where machines can function as both servers and workstations simultaneously. [[Hotline Communications]] Hotline Client was built with decentralized servers and tracker software dedicated to any type of files and continues to operate today. [[Cryptocurrencies]] are peer-to-peer-based [[digital currencies]] that use [[blockchain]]s
* [[List of cryptocurrencies]]
* [[List of blockchains]]