Editing Phatic expression (section)

==Non-verbal phatic expressions==
Non-verbal phatic expressions are used in [[nonverbal communication]] for emphasis or to add detail to the message that a person conveys or expresses. Common examples of these are smiling, gesturing, waving, etc.<ref>Carola Surkamp, [http://publish.ucc.ie/journals/scenario/2014/02/Surkamp/03/en"Non-verbal communication"], April 26, 2018</ref> According to Dr. Carola Surkamp, professor at University of Cologne, non-verbal phatic communication can be expressed with involuntary physical features such as direction of gaze, blushing, posture, etc. and that these have a vital function in regulating conversation.<ref>Carola Surkamp, [http://publish.ucc.ie/journals/scenario/2014/02/Surkamp/03/en"Non-verbal communication"], April 25, 2018</ref>