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Point mutation
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===Mechanism=== RIP causes [[Guanine|G]]:[[Cytosine|C]] to [[Adenine|A]]:[[Thymine|T]] [[Transition (genetics)|transition]] mutations within repeats, however, the mechanism that detects the repeated sequences is unknown. RID is the only known protein essential for RIP. It is a DNA methyltransferease-like protein, that when mutated or knocked out results in loss of RIP.<ref name="pmid12072568">{{cite journal|vauthors=Freitag M, Williams RL, Kothe GO, Selker EU | title=A cytosine methyltransferase homologue is essential for repeat-induced point mutation in ''Neurospora crassa'' | journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | year= 2002 | volume= 99 | issue= 13 | pages= 8802β7 | pmid=12072568 | doi=10.1073/pnas.132212899 | pmc=124379| bibcode=2002PNAS...99.8802F | doi-access=free }}</ref> Deletion of the ''rid'' homolog in ''[[Aspergillus nidulans]]'', ''dmtA'', results in loss of fertility<ref name="pmid18575630">{{cite journal|vauthors=Lee DW, Freitag M, Selker EU, Aramayo R | title=A cytosine methyltransferase homologue is essential for sexual development in Aspergillus nidulans. | journal=PLOS ONE | year= 2008 | volume= 3 | issue= 6 | pages= e2531 | pmid=18575630 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002531 | pmc=2432034| bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2531L | doi-access=free }}</ref> while deletion of the ''rid'' homolog in ''[[Ascobolus immersens]]'', ''masc1'', results in fertility defects and loss of [[methylation induced premeiotically|methylation induced premeiotically (MIP)]].<ref name="pmid9346245">{{cite journal |vauthors=Malagnac F, Wendel B, Goyon C, Faugeron G, Zickler D, Rossignol JL, etal | title=A gene essential for de novo methylation and development in Ascobolus reveals a novel type of eukaryotic DNA methyltransferase structure. | journal=Cell | year= 1997 | volume= 91 | issue= 2 | pages= 281β90 | pmid=9346245 | doi= 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80410-9 | s2cid=14143830 | doi-access=free }}</ref>
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