Editing Propaganda model (section)

===Studies of media outside the United States===
Chomsky has commented in the "ChomskyChat Forum" on the applicability of the Propaganda Model to the media environment of other countries: 
<blockquote>That's only rarely been done in any systematic way. There is work on the British media, by a good U[niversity] of Glasgow media group. And interesting work on British Central America coverage by Mark Curtis in his book ''Ambiguities of Power''. There is work on France, done in Belgium mostly, also a recent book by Serge Halimi (editor of ''Le Monde diplomatique''). There is one very careful study by a Dutch graduate student, applying the methods Ed Herman used in studying US media reaction to elections (El Salvador, Nicaragua) to 14 major European newspapers. ... Interesting results. Discussed a bit (along with some others) in a footnote in chapter 5 of my book ''Deterring Democracy'', if you happen to have that around.<ref name=forumacrh /></blockquote>
For more than a decade, a British-based website [[Media Lens]] has examined their domestic broadcasters and liberal press. Its criticisms are featured in the books ''[[Guardians of Power]]'' (2006)<ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Wilby |title=On the margins |newspaper=New Statesman |date=30 January 2006 |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/200601300049}}</ref> and ''Newspeak in the 21st Century'' (2009).<ref>{{cite news |first=Stephen |last=Poole |title=Non-fiction review roundup |newspaper=The Guardian |date=3 October 2009 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/oct/03/nonfiction-review-roundup-stephen-poole}}</ref>

Studies have also expanded the propaganda model to examine news media in the [[People's Republic of China]]{{sfnm |1a1=Hearns-Branaman |1y=2009 |2a1=Hearns-Branaman |2y=2015}} and for film production in Hollywood.{{sfn|Alford|2009}}

====''News of the World''====
{{Main|News of the World phone hacking affair}}

In July 2011, the journalist [[Paul Mason (journalist)|Paul Mason]], then working for the BBC, pointed out that the [[News International phone hacking scandal]] threw light on close links between the press and politicians. However, he argued that the closure of the mass-circulation newspaper ''[[News of the World]]'', which took place after the scandal broke, conformed only partly to the propaganda model. He drew attention to the role of [[social media]], saying that "large corporations pulled their advertising" because of the "scale of the social media response" (a response which was mainly to do with the newspaper's behaviour towards [[Milly Dowler]], although Mason did not go into this level of detail).<ref name=PMason>"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-14093772 Murdoch: the network defeats the hierarchy]", BBC.</ref>

Mason praised ''[[The Guardian]]'' for having told the truth about the phone-hacking, but expressed doubt about the financial viability of the newspaper.
<blockquote>One part of the Chomsky doctrine has been proven by exception. He stated that newspapers that told the truth could not make money. ''The Guardian''...is indeed burning money and may run out of it in three years' time.<ref name=PMason /></blockquote>