Editing Quotation (section)

=====English=====

In English, the quotative verb ''say'' occurs before the quotation:<ref name="tracy"/>
:: a. She '''said''' "Will you answer the phone, will you answer the phone"<ref name="frederica">Frederica Barbieri. ''Quotative Use in American English'', Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 33/No.3, September 2005.</ref>

In American English, verbs such as ''be like'', ''go'', and ''be all'' are non-standard quotatives that are commonly used in [[colloquialism|colloquial speech]].<ref name="tracy"/><ref name="adfoolen"/> They are observed in the speech of young people not only in American English, but in other [[variety (linguistics)|varieties]] of English as well (e.g. ''be like'' in New Zealand English,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=King |first1=Brian |title="All us girls were like euuh!": Conversational work of be like in New Zealand adolescent talk |journal=New Zealand English Journal |date=2010 |volume=24 |pages=17–36 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249335742 |access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref> ''be like'' and ''go'' in [[Glasgow]] English<ref name="adfoolen"/>).<ref name="frederica"/><ref name="adfoolen">{{cite book |editor1-last=Ahrenholz |editor1-first=Bernt |editor2-last=Bredel |editor2-first=Ursula |editor3-last=Klein |editor3-first=Wolfgang |editor4-last=Rost-Roth |editor4-first=Martina |editor5-last=Skiba |editor5-first=Romuald |title=Empirische Forschung und Theoriebildung |date=2008 |publisher=Peter Lang |location=Frankfurt am Main |isbn=978-3-631-56930-6 |pages=117–128}}</ref> Though not semantically considered verbs of saying, they are used to convey the same meaning as such verbs. Like ''say'', ''be like'', ''go'', and ''be all'' occur before the quotation:<ref name="tracy"/>
:: b. I'm '''like''' "I'm so sorry you had to wait"<ref name="frederica"/>
:: c. She '''went''' "Who are you going with?"<ref name="adfoolen"/>
:: d. He''''s all''' "Okay, come with me come with me"<ref name="adfoolen"/>

In conversational speech, the use of ''say'' and ''be like'' occurs at about the same frequency,<ref name="frederica"/> though ''say'' tends to be used in more formal contexts (e.g. office hours between professors and students) and ''be like'' tends to occur in more informal contexts (e.g. a conversation between two young people).<ref name="adfoolen"/>

In African American Vernacular English, ''talkin' 'bout'' occurs as a verb of quotation, introducing both direct and indirect quotes, as in:
:: e. They come '''talkin' 'bout''' they is scared of ''me''!<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=Taylor|date=2016-12-01|title=AAE Talmbout: An Overlooked Verb of Quotation|url=https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol22/iss2/11|journal=University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics|volume=22|issue=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cukor-Avila|first=Patricia|date=2002|title=She say, She go, She be like: Verbs of Quotation over Time in African American Vernacular English|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/2842|journal=American Speech|volume=77|issue=1|pages=3–31|doi=10.1215/00031283-77-1-3|s2cid=143904503|issn=1527-2133|url-access=subscription}}</ref>