Editing Radical centrism (section)

== Political action ==
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| footer = Australia's [[Noel Pearson]]<ref name=Curchin/> (right) and Brazil's [[Marina Silva]]<ref name=Bello/> (left), who have been identified as two radical centrist actors in the 2010s
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Radical centrists have been and continue to be engaged in a variety of political activities.

=== Armenia ===
Prime Minister of [[Armenia]], [[Nikol Pashinyan]] has been described as a radical centrist.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kopalyan|first1=Nerses|date=20 June 2018|title=Aggressive Centrism: Navigating the Contours of Nikol Pashinyan's Political Ideology|url=https://www.evnreport.com/politics/aggressive-centrism-navigating-the-contours-of-nikol-pashinyan-s-political-ideology|publisher=[[EVN Report]]|url-status=dead|archive-date=2018-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821115934/https://www.evnreport.com/politics/aggressive-centrism-navigating-the-contours-of-nikol-pashinyan-s-political-ideology}}</ref> His [[Civil Contract (Armenia)|Civil Contract]] party won a supermajority of seats in the [[National Assembly of Armenia|National Assembly]] following the [[2021 Armenian parliamentary election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Nikol Pashinyan officially appointed Armenia's prime minister|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2021/aug/02/nikol-pashinyan-officially-appointed-armenias-prime-minister-2339082.html |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=2 August 2021}}</ref>

=== Australia ===
In Australia, [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal]] lawyer [[Noel Pearson]] is building an explicitly radical centrist movement among Aboriginal people.<ref>Pearson, Noel (7 September 2010). "[http://www.partnerships.org.au/Library/Radical_Centre.htm Nights When I Dream of a Better World: Moving from the Centre-Left to the Radical Centre of Australian Politics]". The 2010 John Button Oration. Retrieved 31 December 2016.</ref> The movement is seeking more assistance from the Australian state, but is also seeking to convince individual Aboriginal people to take more responsibility for their lives.<ref>Pearson, Noel (21 April 2007). "[http://capeyorkpartnership.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Hunt-for-the-radical-centre_070421.pdf Hunt for the Radical Centre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326142603/http://capeyorkpartnership.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Hunt-for-the-radical-centre_070421.pdf |date=26 March 2017 }}". ''The Australian''. Reproduced on the Cape York Partnership website. Retrieved 31 December 2016.</ref><ref>Pearson, Noel (22 October 2016). "[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/noel-pearson/hunt-for-the-radical-centre-confronting-welfare-dependency/news-story/5982a9da4bcf405b31c37177978ecfdf Hunt for the Radical Centre: Confronting Welfare Dependency]". ''[[The Australian]]'', p.&nbsp;19. Retrieved 27 October 2017.</ref> To political philosopher Katherine Curchin, writing in the ''[[Australian Journal of Political Science]]'', Pearson is attempting something unusual and worthwhile: casting public debate on indigenous issues in terms of a search for a radical centre.<ref name=Curchin>Chuchin, Katherine (2013). "Discursive Representation and Pearson's Quest for a Radical Centre". ''[[Australian Journal of Political Science]]'', vol. 48, no. 3, pp.&nbsp;256–268.</ref> She says Pearson's methods have much in common with those of [[deliberative democracy]].<ref name= Curchin /> The [[Indigenous Voice to Parliament]] (which failed in a [[2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum|referendum in 2023]]) was developed as a radical centrist solution to the problem of [[Constitutional recognition of Indigenous Australians|Indigenous constitutional recognition]]. It attempted to synthesise progressive concerns that constitutional recognition must involve structural reform and not "mere symbolism" with conservative concerns that any change must not limit [[parliamentary sovereignty]] and "minimise legal uncertainty".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Morris |first=Shireen |title=Broken Heart |date=2024 |publisher=La Trobe University Press |isbn=978-1-76064-520-5 |pages=28–32}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Shireen |date=2024-08-23 |title=Friday essay: how an unholy alliance of the separatist left and reactionary right rejected the Voice's 'sensible middle way' |url=https://theconversation.com/friday-essay-how-an-unholy-alliance-of-the-separatist-left-and-reactionary-right-rejected-the-voices-sensible-middle-way-236508 |access-date= |website=The Conversation |language=}}</ref>

While not using the term formally, the political party [[Science Party (Australia)|Science Party]] is founded on principles that are typical of the radical centre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scienceparty.org.au/vision|title = Mission Statement}}</ref>

=== Brazil ===
In the late 2010s, Brazil's [[Marina Silva]] was identified by ''[[The Economist]]'' as an emerging radical-centrist leader. Formerly a member of the left-wing [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]], by 2017 she had organized a new party whose watchwords included environmentalism, liberalism, and "clean politics".<ref name=Bello /> She had already served six years as Minister of the Environment, and in 2010 she was the [[Green Party (Brazil)|Green Party]] candidate for President of Brazil, finishing third with 20% of the vote.<ref name=Vaz>Vaz, Sofia Guedes (2017). ''Environment: Why Read the Classics?'' Routledge, p.&nbsp;18. {{ISBN|978-1-906093-75-4}}.</ref>

The [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|Social Democratic Party]], a breakaway of the [[Democrats (Brazil)|Democrats]] founded in 2011, is a self-described radical centrist party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://psd.org.br/noticia/gilberto-kassab-psd-tera-candidatura-propria-em-2022/?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=30b4279109f50c658f0c18f2333c48c990b4518f-1602204574-0-AZEQQ0ylKLPLA7_eRacefviw5xyHJVH0etYE1xgSGBeWPcgpWBah4zBSqybRxN7BOqNwUHsQlcKHjgGAzJgJiOyXiPG2TudiePpdhHwDGaMhgmVrQB2TKqkYURxo41MFNaLFx3WZJyFrsel0XArMd4UCsUlsPetVSW-e0FzjNnoji7v_oNYMZGv4caJFwXhAKakgt3kOzXchtUzCmAHd9PkABMWu0_O_UaJut4d7khN8FebV5V6p7jKxsoF2M4yqGcNAcSe7qRTjdrx1M4RsWApGhHKlJDZMZ8BE9n45bY1w3hCsZwcoFFHrxpBcf3BI_HPSfqnzUmHx4Qn2kjL2ynESdBI2dRc6znk-KKa9PNqW|title=Gilberto Kassab: PSD terá candidatura própria em 2022|date=June 2020 }}</ref>

=== Canada ===

In the late 1970s, Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau|Pierre Elliott Trudeau]] claimed that his [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] adhered to the "radical centre".<ref name=Graham>Graham, Ron, ed. (1998). ''The Essential Trudeau''. McClelland & Stewart, p.&nbsp;71. {{ISBN|978-0-7710-8591-8}}.</ref><ref>Thompson, Wayne C. (2017). ''Canada 2017–2018''. Rowman & Littlefield, p.&nbsp;135. {{ISBN|978-1-4758-3510-6}}.</ref> One thing this means, Trudeau said, is that "sometimes we have to fight against the state".<ref name=Graham /> [[Paul Hellyer]], who served in Trudeau's first cabinet and spent over half a century in Canadian political life,<ref name=Blaikie>[[Bill Blaikie|Blaikie, Bill]] (2011). ''The Blaikie Report: An Insider's Look at Faith and Politics''. United Church Publishing House / [[United Church of Canada]], pp.&nbsp;96–97. {{ISBN|978-1-55134-188-0}}.</ref> {{#tag:ref|In 1997, forty-eight years after first being elected to the [[Parliament of Canada|Canadian Parliament]], Hellyer founded a minor political party, the [[Canadian Action Party]].<ref name=Blaikie />|group="nb"}} said in 2010, "I have been branded as everything from far left to far right. I put myself in the radical centre – one who seeks solutions to problems based on first principles without regard to ideology. I believe that it is the kind of solution the world desperately needs at a time when niggling change or fine tuning is not good enough".<ref>Hellyer, Paul (2010). ''Light at the End of the Tunnel: A Survival Plan for the Human Species''. AuthorHouse, p.&nbsp;xi. {{ISBN|978-1-4490-7613-9}}.</ref>

=== Chile ===
In 2017, ''The Economist'' described Chile's [[Andrés Velasco]] as a rising radical-centrist politician.<ref name=Bello>"Bello" column (7 September 2017). "[https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21728670-rebuilding-radical-centre-appeal-macronismo-latin-america The Appeal of Macronismo in Latin America: Rebuilding the Radical Centre]". ''The Economist'', vol. 424, no. 9057, p.&nbsp;34 (U.S. edition). Print edition uses the sub-title only. Author of the "Bello" column was identified in the online masthead as journalist [[Michael Reid (journalist)|Michael Reid]].</ref> A former finance minister in [[Michelle Bachelet]]'s first government, he later unsuccessfully ran against her for the presidential nomination and then helped establish a new political party.<ref name=Bello /> According to ''The Economist'', Velasco and his colleagues say they support a political philosophy that is both liberal and egalitarian.<ref name=Bello /> Like [[Amartya Sen]], they see freedom not just as freedom-from, but as the absence of domination and the opportunity to fulfill one's potential.<ref name=Bello /> Like [[John Rawls]], they reject the far left's emphasis on state redistribution in favor of an emphasis on equal treatment for all with special vigilance against class- and race-based discrimination.<ref name=Bello/>

=== Finland ===
[[Centre Party (Finland)|Finland's Centre Party]] has been generally viewed as a radical centrist party, with wide-ranging views from the left and right-wing political spectrums, such as supporting lower taxes for businesses and lowering the capital gains tax, while also encompassing strong welfare and environmental policies and legislation. The Centre Party's former chairmen and Finland's former Prime Ministers, [[Juha Sipilä]] and [[Matti Vanhanen]] as well as former President [[Urho Kekkonen]] have been viewed as radical centrists.<ref name="Kansan Uutiset">{{cite news |last1=Koski |first1=Markku |title=Juha Sipilän radikaali keskusta |url=https://www.kansanuutiset.fi/artikkeli/3411885-juha-sipilan-radikaali-keskusta |date=8 August 2015}}</ref>

=== France ===
[[File:Emmanuel Macron (11 décembre 2014) (3).jpg|thumb|[[Emmanuel Macron]] speaking at a conference in 2014]]
Several observers have identified [[Emmanuel Macron]], elected President of France in 2017, as a radical centrist.<ref name=Trew>Trew, Stuart (17 July 2017). "[http://behindthenumbers.ca/2017/07/17/trudeau-macron-radical-centrists Trudeau and Macron, the Radical Centrists]". ''Behind the Numbers'' website. The author is identified as an editor at the [[Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives]]. Retrieved 15 October 2017.</ref> [[Anne Applebaum]] of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' says Macron "represents the brand-new radical center", as does his political movement, [[En Marche!]], which Applebaum translates as "forward".<ref name=Applebaum>Applebaum, Anne (23 April 2017) "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2017/04/23/frances-election-reveals-a-new-political-divide/ France's Election Reveals a New Political Divide]". ''Washington Post'' online. Retrieved 16 October 2017.</ref> She notes a number of politically bridging ideas Macron holds – for example, "He embraces markets, but says he believes in 'collective solidarity{{'"}}.<ref name=Applebaum /> A professor of history, Robert Zaretsky, writing in ''[[Foreign Policy]]'', argues that Macron's radical centrism is "the embodiment of a particularly French kind of center – the extreme center".<ref name=Zaretsky>Zaretsky, Robert (24 April 2017). "[https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/04/24/the-radical-centrism-of-emmanuel-macron The Radical Centrism of Emmanuel Macron]". ''[[Foreign Policy]]''. Retrieved 16 October 2017.</ref> He points to Macron's declaration that he is "neither left nor right", and to his support for policies, such as public-sector austerity and major environmental investments that traditional political parties might find contradictory.<ref name=Zaretsky />

U.S. politician Dave Anderson, writing in ''[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]'' newspaper, says that Macron's election victory points the way for those "who wish to transcend their polarized politics of [the present] in the name of a new center, not a moderate center associated with United States and United Kingdom 'Third Way' politics but what has been described as Macron's 'radical center' point of view. … [It] transcends left and right but takes important elements of both sides".<ref name=Anderson>Anderson, Dave (16 May 2017) "[https://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/national-party-news/333625-why-the-radical-center-must-be-the-future-of-the/ Why the 'Radical Center' Must Be the Future of American Politics]". ''[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] newspaper''. Retrieved 16 October 2017.</ref>

=== Germany ===
Writing at The Dahrendorf Forum, a joint project of the [[Hertie School of Governance]] (Berlin) and the [[London School of Economics]], Forum fellow Alexandru Filip put the [[Alliance 90/The Greens|German Green party]] of 2018 in the same camp as Emmanuel Macron's French party (see above) and [[Albert Rivera]]'s Spanish one (see below). His article "On New and Radical Centrism" argued that the Greens did relatively well in the [[2017 German federal election]] not only because of their stance against the "system" but also as a result of "a more centrist, socio-liberal, pro-European constituency that felt alienated by the power-sharing cartel" of the larger parties.<ref name=Filip>Filip, Alexandru (6 March 2018). "[http://www.dahrendorf-forum.eu/new-radical-centrism On New and Radical Centrism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606103522/https://www.dahrendorf-forum.eu/new-radical-centrism |date=6 June 2018 }}".  Dahrendorf Forum website. Retrieved 15 January 2018.</ref>

=== Israel ===
[[File:Yesh Atid Election Night Party.jpg|thumb|[[Yair Lapid]] addressing supporters on election night in 2013]]
In an article for ''[[Israel Hayom]]'' in 2012, conservative [[Knesset]] member [[Tzipi Hotovely]] named Israeli politician [[Yair Lapid]] and his [[Yesh Atid]] (There Is a Future) party as examples of "the radical center" in Israel, which she warned her readers against.<ref name=Hotovely>[[Tzipi Hotovely|Hotovely, Tzipi]] (3 May 2012). "[http://www.israelhayom.com/opinions/beware-the-radical-center Beware 'the Radical Center']" ''[[Israel Hayom]]''. Retrieved 22 April 2018.</ref> In 2013, [[Yossi Klein Halevi]] – author of books addressing Israelis and Palestinians alike<ref>[[Yossi Klein Halevi|Halevi, Yossi Klein]] (2001). ''At the Entrance to the Garden of Eden: A Jew's Search for God with Christians and Muslims in the Holy Land''. William Morrow. {{ISBN|978-0-688-16908-4}}.</ref><ref>Halevi, Yossi Klein (2018). ''[[Letters to My Palestinian Neighbor]]''. Harper. {{ISBN|978-0-06-284491-0}}.</ref> – explained why he voted for Lapid, saying, in part:

<blockquote>He emerged as the voice of middle class disaffection, yet included in his [[Party-list proportional representation|[party] list]] two Ethiopians, representatives of one of the country's poorest constituencies. ... Yair has sought dialogue. ... Some see Yair's Israeli eclecticism as an expression of ideological immaturity, of indecisiveness. In fact it reflects his ability – alone among today's leaders – to define the Israeli center. ... These voters agree with the left about the dangers of occupation and with the right about the dangers of a delusional peace.<ref>Halevi, Yossi Kleini (23 January 2013). "[http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/122304/why-i-voted-for-yair-lapid Why I Voted for Yair Lapid]". ''[[Tablet (magazine)|Tablet]]''. Retrieved 23 April 2018.</ref></blockquote>

In 2017, Lapid and his party were surging in the polls.<ref>Author unacknowledged (29 December 2017). "[https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/lapid-would-win-big-while-gabbay-would-crash-poll-suggests-1.5629967 Lapid Would Win Big While Gabbay Would Crash, Poll Suggests]". ''[[Haaretz]]''. Retrieved 24 April 2018.</ref> In May 2020, following three elections, Lapid was named leader of the opposition in Israel.<ref>Gross, Paul (May 2020). "[https://fathomjournal.org/yair-lapids-is-now-the-leader-of-israels-democracy-camp/?highlight=Paul%20Gross Yair Lapid Is Now the Leader of Israel's 'Democracy Camp']". ''[[Fathom Journal]]''. Retrieved 10 June 2020.</ref><ref>Heller, Aron (21 May 2020). "[https://www.timesofisrael.com/new-opposition-leader-lapid-says-netanyahu-embarrassing-israel New Opposition Leader Lapid Says Netanyahu 'Embarrassing' Israel]". ''[[The Times of Israel]]''. Retrieved 10 June 2020.</ref> A month prior, Lapid had written an essay in which he described his version of centrism as "the politics of the broad consensus that empowers us all. Together, we are creating something new".<ref>Lapid, Yair (22 April 2020). "[https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/only-the-center-can-hold-democracy-and-the-battle-of-ideas Only the Center Can Hold: Democracy and the Battle of Ideas]". ''[[The Times of Israel]]''. Retrieved 10 June 2020.</ref>

=== Italy ===
According to journalist [[Angelo Persichilli]], Italian [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democratic Party]] leader [[Aldo Moro]]'s call for a [[Historic Compromise|"parallel convergence"]] prefigured today's calls for radical centrism.<ref name=Angelo>Persichilli, Angelo (22 March 2009). "On a Collision Course Toward the Radical Middle". ''Toronto Star'', p.&nbsp;A17.</ref> Until being killed by the [[Red Brigades]] in the late 1970s, Moro had been promoting a political alliance between Christian Democracy and the [[Italian Communist Party]].<ref name=Angelo /> Moro acknowledged that the two parties were so different that they ran on parallel tracks and he did not want them to lose their identities, but he emphasized that in the end their interests were convergent – hence the phrase "parallel convergence", which he popularized.<ref name=Angelo />

In the 2010s, Spanish radical centrist [[Albert Rivera]] reportedly cited Italian politician [[Matteo Renzi]] as a soulmate.<ref name=March />

=== Netherlands ===
According to the Dutch opinion magazine ''[[HP/De Tijd]]'', the Dutch political party [[Democrats 66|D66]] can be seen as radical centrist.<ref name=HP>Author unspecified (11 November 2011). "[https://www.hpdetijd.nl/2011-11-11/het-radicale-midden Het Radicale Midden]". ''[[HP/De Tijd]]''. Dutch-language publication. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</ref> Radical centrism is a possibility in another Dutch party as well. In a report presented in 2012 to the [[Christian Democratic Appeal]] (CDA) party, CDA member and former minister of social affairs [[Aart Jan de Geus]] recommends that the CDA develop itself into a radical centrist ''("radicale midden")'' party.<ref>Author unspecified (20 January 2012). "[https://www.cda.nl/actueel/nieuws/strategisch-beraad-presenteert-kiezen-en-verbinden-1 Strategisch Beraad presenteert: Kiezen en Verbinden]". [[Christian Democratic Appeal]] website. Dutch-language site. The English title of the report discussed here is "Making Choices and Connections". Retrieved 2 May 2018.</ref> The D66 has been seen as the more progressive and individualistic of the two parties, and the CDA as the more conservative and personalistic / communitarian.<ref name=HP/>

=== New Zealand ===
[[The Opportunities Party]] (TOP), founded by economist [[Gareth Morgan (economist)|Gareth Morgan]], identifies itself as radical centrist.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.interest.co.nz/news/85912/mt-albert-election-test-how-palatable-opportunities-partys-radical-centrism-will-be|title=Mt Albert by-election to test how palatable The Opportunities Party's 'radical centrism' will be in the general election; Geoff Simmons explains why 'it's time for something fresh'
|date=8 February 2017
|publisher=interest.co.nz}}</ref> TOP advocates for [[evidence-based policy]] on a [[universal basic income]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/421915/the-opportunities-party-launches-campaign-promising-a-universal-income|title=The Opportunities Party launches campaign promising a universal income
|date=24 July 2020
|publisher=[[RNZ]] }}</ref> legalised cannabis,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/425137/cannabis-referendum-opportunities-party-wants-supporters-to-vote-in-favour-of-bill|title=Cannabis referendum: Opportunities Party wants supporters to vote in favour of bill|date=3 September 2020|publisher=[[RNZ]] }}</ref> and putting a stop to the New Zealand housing crisis.

=== Russia ===
The political scientist [[Richard Sakwa]] described [[Putinism]] as radical centrism as late as 2015, noting its radicalisation with regard to the pre-2012 classical stage,<ref>{{citation |last=Sakwa |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Sakwa |chapter=Conclusion: Monism vs. Pluralism |title=Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives |editor-last1=Agnieszka Pikulicka-Wilczewska |editor-first1=Agnieszka |editor-last2=Sakwa |editor-first2=Richard |location=Bristol |publisher=[[E-International Relations]] |year=2015 |p=268 |url=http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/E_LIB/PDF/ukr0002080.pdf#page=268}}</ref> when it represented "typical centrism" by eschewing extremes of left and right, and promoting a strong state that would oversee economic development in the national interest.<ref>{{citation |last=Sakwa |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Sakwa |title=Putin Redux: Power and Contradiction in Contemporary Russia |location=London |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |pp=8-9, 27, 76–78}}</ref>

=== South Africa ===
South Africa's [[Referendum Party (South Africa) | Referendum Party]] (RP) identifies as a radical centrist and separatist party. It was formed out of frustration at South Africa's traditional liberal-centrist [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)| Democratic Alliance ]] (DA) perceived inability to systemically change the status-quo. RP advocates for [[Cape independence]], [[Non-racialism]] and a Western-orientated foreign policy outlook for the Cape region of South Africa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Referendum Party gears up for 2029 |url=https://www.capeindependent.com/article/referendum-party-gears-up-for-2029 |website=The Cape Independent |access-date=16 April 2025}}</ref>

=== South Korea ===
In South Korea, the term ''[[Jungdogaehyeok]]'' ({{Korean|hangul=중도개혁|hanja=中道改革|lit=centrist reformism}}) bears resemblance to the term radical centrism. The [[Peace Democratic Party]], founded in 1987, officially put forward a ''jungdogaehyeok''.<ref>[http://newslibrary.naver.com/viewer/index.nhn?articleId=1990010100329202004&editNo=3&printCount=1&publishDate=1990-01-01&officeId=00032&pageNo=2&printNo=13621&publishType=00020 1990년 1월 1일 경향신문 (Kyunghyang Shinmun – 1 January 1990)].</ref> But from then until 2016, the term was rarely used in South Korean politics.

After 2016, the [[People's Party (South Korea, 2016)|People's Party]],<ref>[https://www.yna.co.kr/view/MYH20160202017100038 국민의당, 중도개혁 깃발로 창당…안철수-천정배 투톱]. ''YTN''. 2016 February 2.</ref> the [[Bareunmirae Party]],<ref>[https://news.v.daum.net/v/20181105115839659 '바미'스럽다는 조롱에 일침 가한 손학규 대표.."중도개혁 한길 간다]</ref> the [[Party for Democracy and Peace]],<ref>[https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201902081402723301 평화당 첫돌 “중도개혁 중심” 포부… 정계개편설에 안팎 어수선]. ''[[Hankook Ilbo]]''. 2019 February 8</ref> the [[New Alternative Party (South Korea)|New Alternatives]] party,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.v.daum.net/v/20200113040001800|title=대안신당 "커지기 위해 창당"..중도통합 신호탄}}</ref> the [[Minsaeng Party]],<ref>[https://news.v.daum.net/v/20200224150800504 호남 중심 3당, '민생당'으로 통합.."중도개혁의 길"]</ref> and the [[People Party (South Korea)|People Party]]<ref>[https://www.yonhapnewstv.co.kr/news/MYH20200416022400641 안철수 "국민 뜻 겸허히 수용"…대권 행로 먹구름]</ref> all called themselves ''jungdogaehyeok''.

South Korean politician [[Ahn Cheol-soo]] has described himself explicitly as a "radical centrist" ({{Korean|hangul=극중주의|hanja=極中主義|rr=geukjungjuui}}).<ref>{{cite web|author=Yoo Jae-hun |url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2017080410360423592 |title=안철수 '극중주의' 깃발에…"수사적·명분용" 지적도|work=아시아경제 |date = 4 August 2017|access-date=5 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='극중' 내세운 안철수…국민의당 노선투쟁 불 붙을 듯|url=http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=100&oid=003&aid=0008104360|website=Newsis|publisher=Naver|access-date=20 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Kim Hwan-young |url=https://news.joins.com/article/21856184 |title=안철수의 '극중주의'란 무엇인가|work=[[JoongAng Ilbo]] |date=19 August 2017 |access-date=19 August 2017}}</ref>

=== Spain ===
[[File:Albert Rivera - 02.jpg|thumb|[[Albert Rivera]] speaking at a [[Citizens (Spanish political party)|Ciudadanos]] event in 2015]]
In Spain, [[Albert Rivera]] and his [[Citizens (Spanish political party)|Ciudadanos]] (Citizens) party have been described as radical centrist by ''[[Politico]]'',<ref name=Brown>Brown, Stephen; von der Burchard, Hans (14 June 2016). "[https://www.politico.eu/article/spains-sensible-citizen-plays-piggy-in-the-middle-catalan-independence-elections-corruption Albert Rivera, Spain's 'Radical Centrist']". ''[[Politico]]''. Retrieved 19 April 2018.</ref> as well as by Spanish-language commentators and news outlets.<ref>Spanish-language commentators and news outlets describing Rivera as radical centrist include:
* Author unidentified (10 June 2016). "[https://www.elespanol.com/espana/20160610/131566876_8.html Girauta Reivindica la 'Radicalidad Centrista' de Ciudadanos]". ''El Español''. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
* Cerqueiro, Pablo Mayo (19 December 2015). "[https://www.elespanol.com/elecciones/elecciones-generales/20151218/87741272_0.html Albert Rivera es Centrista Radical]". ''El Español''. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
* Oneto, José (29 November 2015). "[https://www.republica.com/viva-la-pepa/2015/11/29/los-sondeos-benefician-a-rivera-el-indignado-del-centro-derecha Viva la Pepa!]". ''Republica''. Retrieved 19 April 2018.</ref> Rivera himself has described his movement as radical centrist, saying, "We're the radical center. We can't beat them when it comes to populism. What Ciudadanos aspires to is radical, courageous changes backed by numbers, data, proposals, economists, technicians and capable people".<ref name=Brown /> Rivera has called for politics to transcend the old labels, saying, "We have to move away from the old left-right axis".<ref name=March>Author unidentified (10 February 2018). "[https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21736537-would-be-macron-makes-ground-spains-centrist-ciudadanos-are-march Spain's Centrist Ciudadanos Are On the March]". ''[[The Economist]]''. Article is entitled "On the March" in the Europe section of the print edition. Retrieved 19 April 2018.</ref> ''[[The Economist]]'' has likened Rivera and his party to [[Emmanuel Macron]] and his party [[La République En Marche!|En Marche!]] in France.<ref name=March /> Rivera's party has taken on the established parties of the left and right and has had some success, most notably in the [[Catalan regional election, 2017|2017 Catalan regional election]].<ref>Author unidentified (22 December 2017). "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2017/dec/21/catalonia-election-full-results Catalonia Election: Full Results]". ''[[The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 19 April 2018.</ref> In the subsequent years, though, Ciudadanos became almost irrelevant in Spanish politics, leading to Rivera's resignation as party leader.

=== United Kingdom ===
{{Update|date=June 2021}}
[[File:Nick Clegg - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2011.jpg|thumb|[[Nick Clegg]] speaking at the [[World Economic Forum]] annual meeting in [[Davos]], 2011]]
Following the 2010 election, [[Nick Clegg]], then leader of the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]] (Britain's third-largest party at the time), had his party enter into a [[Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement]] to form a majority government.<ref>Author unidentified (12 May 2011). "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/election_2010/8676607.stm David Cameron and Nick Clegg Pledge ‘United' Coalition]". BBC News website. Retrieved 4 February 2013.</ref> In a speech to party members in the spring of 2011, Clegg declared that he considers himself and his party to be radical centrist:

<blockquote>For the left, an obsession with the state. For the right, a worship of the market. But as liberals, we place our faith in people. People with power and opportunity in their hands. Our opponents try to divide us with their outdated labels of left and right. But we are not on the left and we are not on the right. We have our own label: Liberal. We are liberals and we own the freehold to the centre ground of British politics. Our politics is the politics of the radical centre.<ref>Clegg, Nick (13 March 2011). "[http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/the-staggers/2011/03/government-liberal-politics Full Transcript, Speech to Liberal Democrat Spring Conference, Sheffield, 13 March 2011]". ''New Statesman''. Retrieved 18 January 2016.</ref></blockquote>

In the autumn of 2012, Clegg's longtime policy advisor elaborated on the differences between Clegg's identity as a "radical liberal" and traditional [[social democracy]]. He stated that Clegg's conception of liberalism rejected "statism, paternalism, insularity and narrow egalitarianism".<ref name=Reeves/>

=== United States ===
[[File:Ross Perot in his office Allan Warren (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ross Perot]] was an early proponent of radical centrism.]]
[[File:Esse Ventura 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Political independent [[Jesse Ventura]] was elected Governor of Minnesota in 1998.<ref name=John>Avlon (2004), pp. 277–93 ("Radical Centrists").</ref>]]
Some commentators identify [[Ross Perot presidential campaign, 1992|Ross Perot's 1992 U.S. presidential campaign]] as the first radical centrist national campaign.<ref name=Klein /><ref>Sifry, Micah L. (2003). ''Spoiling for a Fight: Third-Party Politics in America''. Routledge, Section II ("Organizing the Angry Middle"). {{ISBN|978-0-415-93142-7}}.</ref> However, many radical centrist authors were not enthusiastic about [[Ross Perot|Perot]]. Matthew Miller acknowledges that Perot had enough principle to support a gasoline tax hike,<ref>Miller (2003), p. 187.</ref> Halstead and Lind note that he popularized the idea of balancing the budget<ref>Halstead and Lind (2001), p. 115.</ref> and John Avlon says he crystallized popular distrust of partisan extremes.<ref>Avlon (2004), p. 284.</ref> However, none of those authors examines Perot's ideas or campaigns in depth and Mark Satin does not mention Perot at all. Joe Klein mocked one of Perot's campaign gaffes and said he was not a sufficiently substantial figure.<ref name=Klein /> Miller characterizes Perot as a rich, self-financed lone wolf.<ref>Miller (2003), p. 178.</ref> By contrast, what most radical centrists say they want in political action terms is the building of a grounded political movement.<ref>Halstead and Lind (2001), Chap. 5 ("The Politics of the Radical Center").</ref><ref>Satin (2004), Part Six ("Be a Player, Not a Rebel").</ref>

The phrase "militant moderates" was used by national media during Perot's 1992 groundbreaking presidential campaign. One of Perot's most intriguing contributions to American politics is his challenge to the entire paradigm of "left-center-right." He claimed at a meeting of the national Reform Party in 1995 that the paradigm was no longer operative and that left-center-right was being replaced. The replacement was a "top versus the rest of us" paradigm, and that the very wealthy like himself, could choose to be with the people at the "bottom, like most of the American people." This brand of "militant moderation"—a form of populism—is what endeared Perot to his ardent followers and was not traditional "centrism."

Also in the 1990s, political independents [[Jesse Ventura]], [[Angus King]] and [[Lowell Weicker]] became governors of American states. According to John Avlon, they pioneered the combination of fiscal prudence and social tolerance that has served as a model for radical centrist governance ever since.<ref name=John /> They also developed a characteristic style, a combination of "common sense and maverick appeal".<ref>Avlon (2004), p. 277.</ref>{{#tag:ref|By the end of the 20th century, some mainstream politicians were cloaking themselves in the language of the radical center. For example, in 1996 former U.S. Defense Secretary [[Elliot Richardson]] stated: "I am a moderate – a radical moderate. I believe profoundly in the ultimate value of human dignity and equality".<ref>Richardson, Elliot (1996). ''Reflections of a Radical Moderate''. Pantheon Books, Preface. {{ISBN|978-0-679-42820-6}}.</ref> At a conference in Berlin, Canadian Prime Minister [[Jean Chrétien]] declared, "I am the radical center".<ref name=Andrews>Andrews, Edward L. (4 June 2000). "Growing Club of Left-Leaning Leaders Strains to Find a Focus". ''The New York Times'', p. 6.</ref>|group="nb"}}

In the decade of the 2000s, a number of governors and mayors – most prominently, California governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] and New York City mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]] – were celebrated by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine as "action heroes" who looked beyond partisanship to get things done.<ref>[[Michael Grunwald|Grunwald, Michael]] (25 June 2007). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20250204125248/https://time.com/archive/6681358/the-new-action-heroes The New Action Heroes]". ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, vol. 169, no. 26, pp.&nbsp;32–38. Cover story.</ref> A similar article that decade in ''[[Politico]]'' placed "self-styled 'radical centrist{{'"}} governor [[Mark Warner]] of Virginia in that camp.<ref>[[John Avlon|Avlon, John P.]] (26 October 2008). "[https://www.politico.com/story/2008/10/the-stand-out-centrists-of-2008-014954?o=1 The Stand-Out Centrists of 2008]". ''[[Politico]]''. Retrieved 24 April 2018.</ref>

In the 2010s, the radical centrist movement in the U.S. played out in the national media. In 2010, for example, ''The New York Times'' columnist [[Thomas Friedman]] called for "a [[Tea Party movement|Tea Party]] of the radical center", an organized national pressure group.<ref>Friedman, Thomas L. (24 March 2010). "[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/24/opinion/24friedman.html?_r=0 A Tea Party Without Nuts]". ''The New York Times'', p.&nbsp;A27. Retrieved 5 February 2013.</ref> Friedman later co-wrote a book with scholar [[Michael Mandelbaum]] discussing key issues in American society and calling for an explicitly radical centrist politics and program to deal with them.<ref>Friedman, Thomas L.; Mandelbaum, Michael (2011). ''That Used To Be Us: How America Fell Behind in the World It Invented and How We Can Come Back''. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, pp.&nbsp;353–368. {{ISBN|978-0-374-28890-7}}.</ref> At ''The Washington Post'', columnist [[Matthew Miller (journalist)|Matthew Miller]] was explaining "Why we need a third party of (radical) centrists".<ref>Miller, Matt (11 November 2010). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/10/AR2010111003489.html Why We Need a Third Party of (Radical) Centrists]". ''The Washington Post'' online. Retrieved 5 February 2013.</ref>{{#tag:ref|In 2009, on ''[[The Huffington Post]]'' website, the president of The Future 500<ref>[http://www.future500.org/ Future 500]. Official website. Retrieved 15 December 2013.</ref> – following up on his earlier endorsement of the "radical middle"<ref>Shireman, Bill (5 April 2009). "[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bill-shireman/the-radical-middle-wins-i_b_183212.html# The Radical Middle Wins in Iowa]". ''The Huffington Post''. Retrieved 15 December 2013.</ref> – made the case for a "[[transpartisan]]" alliance between left and right.<ref>Shireman, Bill (20 April 2009). "[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bill-shireman/time-for-a-tea-party-with_b_188679.html Time for a Tea Party with the Right: Why Progressives Need a Transpartisan Strategy]". ''The Huffington Post''. Retrieved 5 February 2013.</ref>|group="nb"}}

In 2011, Friedman championed [[Americans Elect]], an insurgent group of radical centrist Democrats, Republicans and independents who were hoping to run an independent presidential candidate in 2012.<ref name=Friedman /> Meanwhile, Miller offered "[t]he third-party stump speech we need".<ref>Miller, Matt (25 September 2011). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-third-party-stump-speech-we-need/2011/09/22/gIQAjzx8wK_story.html The Third-Party Stump Speech We Need]". ''The Washington Post'' online. Retrieved 18 January 2016.</ref> In his book ''The Price of Civilization'' (2011), [[Columbia University]] economist [[Jeffrey Sachs]] called for the creation of a third U.S. party, an "Alliance for the Radical Center".<ref>Sachs, Jeffrey R. (2011). ''The Price of Civilization: Reawakening American Virtue and Prosperity''. Random House, pp. 247–48. {{ISBN|978-0-8129-8046-2}}.</ref>

[[File:Problem Solver Seal.png|thumb|left|upright|Insignia of the [[No Labels]] organization]]
While no independent radical-centrist presidential candidate emerged in 2012, John Avlon emphasized the fact that independent voters remain the fastest-growing portion of the electorate.<ref name=Phillips/>

In late 2015, the [[No Labels]] organization, co-founded by Avlon,<ref>Rucker, Philip (13 December 2010). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/13/AR2010121302365.html No Labels Movement Launched in N.Y., Pledges to Fight Partisanship]." ''The Washington Post'' online. Retrieved 2 January 2017.</ref> called a national "Problem Solver" convention to discuss how to best reduce political polarization and promote political solutions that could bridge the left-right divide.<ref name=Nelson>Nelson, Rebecca (30 October 2015). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/10/the-war-on-partisanship/451461 The War On Partisanship]." ''The Atlantic'' online. Retrieved 2 January 2017.</ref> A lengthy article in ''The Atlantic'' about the convention conveys the views of leaders of a new generation of beyond-left-and-right (or both-left-and-right) organizations, including [[Joan Blades]] of Living Room Conversations, [[David Blankenhorn]] of Better Angels, [[Carolyn Lukensmeyer]] of the National Institute for Civil Discourse and [[Steve McIntosh]] of the Institute for Cultural Evolution.<ref name=Nelson /> Following the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]], prominent U.S. commentator [[David Brooks (cultural commentator)|David Brooks]] praised No Labels and other such groups and offered them advice, including this: "[D]eepen a positive national vision that is not merely a positioning between left and right".<ref>{{cite news|first=David|last=Brooks|author-link=David Brooks (commentator)|date=29 November 2016|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/opinion/the-future-of-the-american-center.html|title=The Future of the American Center|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|location=New York City|page=27|access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref>

By the mid-2010s, several exponents of radical centrism had run, albeit unsuccessfully, for seats in the [[United States Congress]], including [[Matthew Miller (journalist)|Matthew Miller]] in California<ref>Miller, Matt (November–December 2014). "[http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/10/mr-miller-doesnt-go-to-washington-112173 Mr. Miller Doesn't Go to Washington: A Candidate's Memoir]". ''[[Politico]] Magazine''. Retrieved 15 October 2017.</ref> and Dave Anderson in Maryland.<ref name=Anderson />

According to a January 2018 article in ''[[The Washington Post]]'', West Virginia Senator [[Joe Manchin]] greeted newly elected Alabama Senator [[Doug Jones (politician)|Doug Jones]] with the phrase, "Welcome to the radical middle".<ref>{{cite news|first1=Dave|last1=Weigel|author-link1=Dave Wiegel|first2=Sean|last2=Sullivan|date=4 January 2018|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/doug-jones-expected-to-take-senate-oath-on-wednesday-shrinking-gop-majority/2018/01/03/b77c1d40-f094-11e7-b3bf-ab90a706e175_story.html|title=Doug Jones Is Sworn In, Shrinking GOP Senate Majority|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|publisher=[[Nash Holdings]]|location=Washington, D.C.|page=A6|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> Both senators have been regarded as moderate and bipartisan.<ref>{{cite news|first=Nicholas|last=Fandos|date=22 January 2018|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/22/us/politics/moderate-senators-shutdown-common-sense-coalition.html|title=With Talking Stick in Hand, Moderate Senators Broker the Shutdown|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|location=New York City|page=A17|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> In March 2018, the political newspaper ''[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]'' ran an article by attorney [[Michael D. Fricklas]] entitled "The Time for Radical Centrism Has Come".<ref name=Fricklas>[[Michael D. Fricklas|Fricklas, Michael]] (30 March 2018). "[https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/380898-the-time-for-radical-centrism-has-come/ The Time for Radical Centrism Has Come]". ''[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]''. Retrieved 18 April 2018.</ref> It asserted that the [[Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018|omnibus spending bill for 2018]] jettisoned spending proposals favored by both political "extremes" to obtain votes of "principled moderates", and that its passage therefore represented a victory for what Senator [[Susan Collins]] (R-Maine) calls "radical centrism".<ref name=Fricklas />

Toward the beginning of the [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries]], [[Steven Teles]] of the [[Niskanen Center]], writing in ''[[The New Republic]]'', laid out a strategy by which a dark horse candidate appealing to the radical center could win the Democratic Party presidential nomination.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Steven|last=Teles|date=27 December 2018|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/152685/radical-centrists-will-decide-democratic-primary|title=Radical Centrists Will Decide the Democratic Primary|magazine=[[The New Republic]]|access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref>

The [[Forward (United States)|Forward Party]], a [[political action committee]] created by former presidential candidate [[Andrew Yang]] in October 2021, was critically described as a radical centrist movement by the American socialist magazine, [[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Andrew Yang's New Political Party Exposes the Farce of Radical Centrism|url=https://jacobinmag.com/2021/10/andrew-yang-forward-party-book-third-way-radical-centrism-platitudes-rhetoric|access-date=2021-10-19|website=jacobinmag.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Two days after the creation of the [[Forward (United States)|Forward Party]], Yang tweeted, "You're giving radical centrists like me a home."<ref>{{Cite tweet |access-date=10 August 2023 |url-access=limited |title=Register |number=1446119658327711749 |user=andrewyang |url=https://twitter.com/andrewyang/status/1446119658327711749}}</ref>