Editing Single-nucleotide polymorphism (section)

=== Pharmacogenetics ===
Pharmacogenetics focuses on identifying genetic variations including SNPs associated with differential responses to treatment.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Daly|first=Ann K|date=2017-10-11|title=Pharmacogenetics: a general review on progress to date|journal=British Medical Bulletin|volume=124|issue=1|pages=65–79|doi=10.1093/bmb/ldx035|pmid=29040422|issn=0007-1420|doi-access=free}}</ref> Many drug metabolizing enzymes, drug targets, or target pathways can be influenced by SNPs. The SNPs involved in drug metabolizing enzyme activities can change drug pharmacokinetics, while the SNPs involved in drug target or its pathway can change drug [[pharmacodynamics]]. Therefore, SNPs are potential genetic markers that can be used to predict drug exposure or effectiveness of the treatment. Genome-wide pharmacogenetic study is called [[pharmacogenomics]]. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics are important in the development of precision medicine, especially for life-threatening diseases such as cancers.