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Siwi language
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===Verse=== Siwi verse is written in [[rhyme]], and is usually associated with song. Sung poetry, or {{lang|siz|adyaz}}, is performed mainly in bachelors' gatherings and tends to relate to love, whereas religious poetry ({{lang|siz|ləqṣidət}}) is recited.<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Souag|2013|pp=15–16, 276}}</ref> Malim<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Malim|2001|pp=90–92, 96}}</ref> distinguishes songs, led by one man, from poems, shorter verse works recited antiphonally by groups at weddings; both are accompanied by the music of drums and horns. In previous centuries these songs appear to have been of great symbolic importance to Siwi young men: a civil war in the oasis in 1712 was apparently terminated by a treaty including the stipulation that: :: "if one of the Western {{lang|siz|zaggālah}} [bachelor farm workers] was singing in a garden, while doing his work there, and stopped, then one of the {{lang|siz|zaggālah}} of the Easterners should begin to sing and finish his song; the Westerner was not allowed to sing once more."<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Fakhry|1973|p=33}}</ref> The earliest Siwi lyrics to be published are those gathered by Bricchetti-Robetti;<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Bricchetti-Robetti|1889}}</ref> others have been published in Jawharī<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Al-Jawhari|1949}}</ref> and Souag,<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Souag|2013|pp=274–278}}</ref> while Abd Allah<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Abd Allah|1917|pp=26–27}}</ref> and Malim<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Malim|2001|pp=92–97)}}</ref> provide several songs and poems in translation. The songs were also studied from a musicological perspective by Schiffer.<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Schiffer|1936}}</ref> The following extract from a love song<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Souag|2013|p=275}}</ref> may give an idea of the genre: {| class="wikitable" |- | {{lang|siz|nəjʕə́l niráwa akəḅḅí}} || We thought we had born a boy; |- | {{lang|siz|nəssəlsíya af̣andí}} || We dressed him up as a gentleman; |- | {{lang|siz|wə́n géyfəl nə́ṃṃas ʕə́ẓẓṃas}} || Whoever passed by, we would tell him to salute him. |- | {{lang|siz|yáma iṣáṛi fəllas}} || How much has happened to me because of him, |- | {{lang|siz|landál d uli asəllás}} || The mean one with a dark heart! |}
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