Editing Stop sign (section)

===North America===
Stop signs are often used in North America to control conflicting traffic movements at intersections that are deemed not busy enough to justify the installation of a [[traffic signal]] or [[roundabout]]. In the United States, the stop sign is not intended as a [[traffic calming]] device,<ref name="MUTCD03_2B"/> but is meant to be installed mainly for safety or to assign right-of-way. Stop signs may be erected on all intersecting roads, resulting in an [[all-way stop]].<ref name="MUTCD03_2B"/> Some research has concluded that stop signs do not offer measurable safety benefits over the [[give Way|Yield]] approach.<ref>Some factors influencing the road behaviour of vehicle drivers. R.J. Smeed, UK Road Research Laboratory. Operational Research Quarterly, Journal of the Operational Research Society, Birmingham, England, 1952.</ref><ref>"Driver behaviour and accident records at unsignalized urban intersections". Abishai Polusa, Department of Civil Engineering & Transportation Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. June 1984. Available online 4 July 2002.</ref> Other research has concluded that multiway stop signs do not effectively control traffic speeds, and can give rise to negative effects including increased traffic noise and pollution from braking and accelerating vehicles, enforcement problems, and reduced sign compliance.<ref>Bretherton, M. "Multi-Way Stops—The MUTCD Is Correct!" 1999 ITE Compendium
of Technical Papers. Institute of Transportation Engineers, August 1999.</ref>

====On school buses====
{{Main|School bus traffic stop laws}}
[[File:Thomas School Bus Bus.jpg|thumb|An American [[school bus]] displaying front and rear folding stop signs]]
A stop sign on a pivoting arm is required equipment on North American [[School bus#Warning lights and safety devices|school buses]]. The sign normally stows flat on the left side of the bus, and is deployed by the driver when opening the [[Bus doors|door]] for picking up or dropping off passengers. Some buses have two such stop arms, one near the front facing forwards, and one near the rear facing backwards. The stop sign is retroreflective and equipped either with red blinking lights above and below the '''{{smallcaps|stop}}''' legend or with a legend that is illuminated by [[Light emitting diode|LEDs]]. Unlike a normal stop sign, this sign indicates a two-way absolute stop, requiring other vehicles travelling in both directions to remain stopped until the sign is retracted.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}