Editing Structural formula (section)

=== Haworth projection ===

The [[Haworth projection]] is used for cyclic [[sugar]]s. Axial and equatorial positions are not distinguished; instead, substituents are positioned directly above or below the ring atom to which they are connected.  Hydrogen substituents are typically omitted.

However, an important thing to keep in mind while reading an Haworth projection is that the ring structures are not flat. Therefore, Haworth does not provide 3-D shape. [[Norman Haworth|Sir Norman Haworth]], was a British Chemist, who won a Nobel Prize for his work on Carbohydrates and discovering the structure of Vitamin C. During his discovery, he also deducted different structural formulas which are now referred to as Haworth Projections. In a Haworth Projection a pyranose sugar is depicted as a hexagon and a furanose sugar is depicted as a pentagon. Usually an oxygen is placed at the upper right corner in pyranose and in the upper center in a furanose sugar. The thinner bonds at the top of the ring refer to the bonds as being farther away and the thicker bonds at the bottom of the ring refer to the end of the ring that is closer to the viewer.<ref name="Zhang 799">{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Qing-zhi |last2=Zhang |first2=Shen-song |date=June 1999 |title=A New Method To Convert the Fischer Projection of a Monosaccharide to the Haworth Projection |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed076p799 |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |language=en |volume=76 |issue=6 |pages=799 |doi=10.1021/ed076p799 |issn=0021-9584|url-access=subscription }}</ref>[[File:Glucopyranose.jpg|none|thumb|[[Fischer projection|Fischer]] and [[Haworth projection|Haworth]] projection of Glucopyranose|295x295px]]
<gallery>Image:beta-D-glucose Haworth formula.svg|Haworth projection of beta-D-Glucose</gallery>