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Subjunctive mood
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====French==== {{Main|French verbs}}'''Present and past subjunctives''' The subjunctive is used mostly with verbs or adverbs expressing desire, doubt or eventuality; it may also express an order. It is almost always preceded by the conjunction {{nowrap|{{lang|fr|que}}}} ({{nowrap|that}}). Use of the subjunctive is in many respects similar to English: * [[Jussive mood|Jussive]] (issuing orders, commanding, or exhorting): {{lang|fr|Il faut quâil '''comprenne''' cela}} ("It is necessary that he ''understand'' that") * Desiderative: {{lang|fr|Vive la rĂ©publique!}} ("Long ''live'' the republic!") Sometimes it is not: * Desiderative: ''{{lang|fr|Que la lumiĂšre soit!}}'' ("''Let'' there ''be'' light!") * In certain subordinate clauses: ** {{lang|fr|Bien que ce soit mon anniversaire}}: ("Even though it ''is'' my birthday") (although English does introduce a similar subjunctive element in an alternative: "It ''might'' be my birthday, but I am working" ** {{lang|fr|Avant que je ne mâen aille}} ("Before I ''go'' away") {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" | English ! scope="col" colspan="2" | French |- | It is important that she ''speak''. (''subjunctive'') | {{lang|fr|Il est important qu'elle parle}} |- | That the book ''pleases'' you does not surprise me. (''indicative'') | {{lang|fr|Que le livre te plaise ne me surprend pas.}} |- style="text-align:center" | | present subjunctive |} French uses a past subjunctive, equivalent in tense to the {{lang|fr|passĂ© composĂ©}} in the indicative mood, called "{{lang|fr|passĂ© du subjonctif}}". It is the only other subjunctive tense used in modern-day conversational French. It is formed with the auxiliary {{lang|fr|ĂȘtre}} or {{lang|fr|avoir}} and the past participle of the verb. Unlike other Romance languages, such as Spanish, it is not always necessary that the preceding clause be in the past to trigger the {{lang|fr|passĂ© du subjonctif}} in the subordinate clause: {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" | English ! scope="col" colspan="2" | French |- | It is important that she ''have spoken''. (''subjunctive'') | {{lang|fr|Il est important qu'elle ait parlĂ©.}} |- | That the book ''pleased'' you does not surprise me. (''indicative'') | {{lang|fr|Que le livre t'ait plu ne me surprend pas.}} |- style="text-align:center" | | past subjunctive |} '''Imperfect and pluperfect subjunctives''' French also has an imperfect subjunctive, which in older, formal, or literary writing, replaces the present subjunctive in a subordinate clause when the main clause is in a past tense (including in the [[So-called conditional|French conditional]], which is morphologically a future-in-the-past): {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" | English ! scope="col" colspan="2" | French |- ! scope="col" | modern spoken ! scope="col" | older, formal, or literary |- | It was necessary that he ''speak'' | {{lang|fr|Il Ă©tait nĂ©cessaire quâil parle}} | {{lang|fr|Il Ă©tait nĂ©cessaire quâil parlĂąt}} |- | I feared that he ''act'' so. | {{lang|fr|Je craignais qu'il agisse ainsi}} | {{lang|fr|Je craignais qu'il agĂźt ainsi}} |- | I would want him to ''do'' it. | {{lang|fr|Je voudrais quâil le fasse}} | {{lang|fr|Je voudrais quâil le fĂźt}} |- style="text-align:center" | | present subjunctive | imperfect subjunctive |} {{Hidden|Example quotes| {{blockquote|Pour une brave dame, / Monsieur, qui vous honore, et de toute son Ăąme<br />Voudrait que vous vinssiez, Ă ma sommation, / Lui faire un petit mot de rĂ©paration.|[[Jean Racine]] (1669), ''[[Les Plaideurs]]'', 2.4.16â19}} {{blockquote|[...] je voudrais que vous vinssiez une fois Ă Berlin pour y rester, et que vous eussiez la force de soustraire votre lĂ©gĂšre nacelle aux bourrasques et aux vents qui l'ont battue si souvent en France.|''Ćuvres complĂštes de Voltaire'' (1828), Paris, page 595}} {{blockquote|J'aimerais qu'ils fissent leur dĂ©but comme sous-maĂźtres dans les Ă©coles importantes.|ThĂ©odore Henri Barrau (1842), ''De l'Ă©ducation morale de la jeunesse'', page 191}} {{blockquote|Je craignais que vous ne voulussiez pas me recevoir.|[[EugĂšne Sue]] (1847), ''Martin et Bamboche'', 3.3.7}} }} Similarly, pluperfect subjunctive replace past subjunctive in same context: {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" | English ! scope="col" colspan="2" | French |- ! scope="col" | modern spoken ! scope="col" | older, formal, or literary |- | It was necessary that you ''have spoken'' | {{lang|fr|Il Ă©tait nĂ©cessaire que tu aies parlĂ©}} | {{lang|fr|Il Ă©tait nĂ©cessaire que tu eusses parlĂ©}} |- | I regretted that you ''had acted'' so. | {{lang|fr|Je regrettais que tu aies agi ainsi}} | {{lang|fr|Je regrettais que tu eusses agi ainsi}} |- | I would have liked you to ''have done'' it. | {{lang|fr|J'aurais aimĂ© que tu l'aies fait}} | {{lang|fr|J'aurais aimĂ© que tu l'eusses fait}} |- style="text-align:center" | | past subjunctive | pluperfect subjunctive |} {{Hidden|Example quotes| {{blockquote|Ma lettre, Ă laquelle vous venez de rĂ©pondre, Ă fait un effet bien diffĂ©rent que je n'attendois : elle vous a fait partir, et moi je comptois qu'elle vous feroit rester jusqu'Ă ce que vous eussiez reçu des nouvelles du dĂ©part de mon manuscrit ; au moins Ă©toit-ce le sens littĂ©ral et spirituel de ma lettre.|[[Montesquieu]], ''Lettres familiĂšres'', 18}} }}
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