Editing Turpan (section)

== Geography ==
=== Subdivisions ===
Turpan directly controls one [[District (China)|district]] and two [[Counties of China|counties]].

{| class="wikitable"  style="font-size:90%;" align=center
! colspan="9"| Map
|-
|colspan="9" align="center" | <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Turpan.png|width=630|link=}} 
{{Image label|x=935|y=780|scale=630/2520|text=[[Gaochang District|'''Gaochang''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1700|y=980|scale=630/2520|text=[[Shanshan County|'''Shanshan<br>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=570|y=920|scale=630/2520|text=[[Toksun County|'''Toksun<br>County''']]}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|-
! #
! Name
! [[Chinese characters]]
! [[Pinyin|Hanyu Pinyin]]
! [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] ([[Uyghur Arabic alphabet|UEY]])
! Uyghur Latin ([[Uyghur Latin alphabet|ULY]])
! Population<br/>{{small|(2020 Census)}}
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Density (/km<sup>2</sup>)
|----------
|1
|[[Gaochang District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|高昌区}}
|Gāochāng Qū
|{{script/Arabic|قاراھوجا رايونى}}
|Qarahoja Rayoni
|317,443
|13,651
|23.25
|----------
|2
|[[Shanshan County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|鄯善县}}
|Shànshàn Xiàn
|{{script/Arabic|پىچان ناھىيىسى}}
|Pichan Nahiyisi
|242,310
|39,547
|6.13
|----------
|3
|[[Toksun County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|托克逊县}}
|Tuōkèxùn Xiàn
|{{script/Arabic|توقسۇن ناھىيىسى}}
|Toqsun Nahiyisi
|134,235
|16,561
|8.11
|}

[[File:Turpan-flaming-mountains-d02.jpg|thumb|View of the "[[Flaming Mountains]]"|alt=|233x233px]]
Turpan is located about {{convert|150|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Ürümqi]], Xinjiang's capital, in a mountain basin, on the northern side of the [[Turpan Depression]], at an elevation of {{convert|30|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} above sea level. Outside of Turpan is a small volcanic cone, the Turfan volcano, that is said to have erupted in 1120 as described in the Song dynasty.<ref>{{cite web|title=Turfan|url=http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1004-01-|work=Global Volcanism Program|access-date=21 August 2011}}</ref> In June 1995, a book of standard names for local geography was published.<ref name="turpanprefecture"/>

=== Climate ===
Turpan has an extremely [[continental climate|continental]] [[desert climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen Climate Classification]] ''BWk''. [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]] ''BWho''), with long, extremely hot summers (resembling a hot desert climate or ''BWh'') and somewhat short but very cold winters, with very brief spring and autumn in between. Annual precipitation is very low, amounting to only {{convert|15.7|mm|2}}. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|−6.7|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|33.1|°C|1}} in July, or a very large seasonal variation of {{convert|39.8|C-change}}; the annual mean is {{convert|15.7|°C|1}}.<ref name= CMA >{{cite web
  | url = http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3
  | title = 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）
  | access-date = 2010-04-03
  | publisher = [[China Meteorological Administration]]
  | language = zh-Hans }}</ref> With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 48% in December to 75% in September, sunshine is abundant and the city receives 2,912 hours of bright sunshine annually.

Extremes have ranged from {{convert|−28.9|°C|0}} to {{convert|49.1|°C|0}} with Sanbao to its east having recorded a national all time record high for China at {{convert|52.2|°C|0}},<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=51573&ano=2017&mes=8&day=19&hora=12&min=0&ndays=50 | title=Resumen synop}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 17, 2023 |title=China logs 52.2 Celsius as extreme weather rewrites records |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-logs-522-celsius-extreme-weather-rewrites-records-2023-07-17/ |access-date=October 22, 2024 |website=Reuters}}</ref> although a reading of {{convert|49.6|°C|0}} in July 1975 is regarded as dubious.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm
| title = Extreme Temperatures Around the World
| access-date = 28 August 2010
}}</ref>
However, the high heat and dryness of the summer, when combined with the area's ancient system of irrigation, allows the countryside around Turpan to produce great quantities of high-quality fruit.

{{Turpan weatherbox}}