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Aleut language
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==== Old ==== [[File:Aleut alphabet (1846).JPG|thumb|380x380px|The Aleut Cyrillic alphabet, 1846.]] The historic Aleut ([[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]) alphabet found in both Alaska and Russia has the standard pre-1918 [[Russian alphabet|Russian orthography]] as its basis, although a number of Russian letters were used only in loanwords. In addition, the extended Cyrillic letters г̑ (г with inverted breve), ҟ, ҥ, ў, х̑ (х with inverted breve) were used to represent distinctly Aleut sounds.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2hcOAAAAIAAJ|title=Опытъ Грамматики Алеутско-Лисьевскаго языка (Grammatical Outline of the Fox Island (Eastern) Aleut Language)|author=St. Innocent (Veniaminov)|publisher=Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences|location=St. Petersburg, Russia|year=1846|page=2|author-link=Innocent of Alaska}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=drtBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT3|title=Начатки Христіанскаго Ученія – Букварь (Beginnings of Christian Teaching – Primer)|author=St. Innocent (Veniaminov)|author2=St. Jacob (Netsvetov)|publisher=Synodal Typography|location=St. Petersburg, Russia|year=1893 |orig-year=1840|author-link=Innocent of Alaska|author2-link=Jacob Netsvetov}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLRCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT6|title=Алеутскій Букварь (Aleut Primer)|author=St. Innocent (Veniaminov)|author2=St. Jacob (Netsvetov)|publisher=Synodal Typography|location=St. Petersburg, Russia|year=1893 |orig-year=1846|author-link=Innocent of Alaska|author2-link=Jacob Netsvetov}}</ref> A total of 24+ letters were used to represent distinctly Aleut words, including 6 vowels (а, и, й, у, ю, я) and 16 consonants (г, г̑, д, з, к, ԟ, л, м, н, ҥ, с, т, ў, х, х̑, ч). The letter [[ӄ]] has replaced the letter [[Aleut Ka|ԟ]] (Aleut Ka) for the [[voiceless uvular plosive]] {{IPA|/q/}} in modern Aleut Cyrillic publications. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! colspan="2" | Obsolete script ! colspan="2" | Modern equivalents ! rowspan="2" | IPA ! rowspan="2" | Practical<br />Orthography |- ! Majuscule || Minuscule ! Majuscule || Minuscule |- | А | а | А | а | {{IPA link|a}} | a |- | Б* | б* | Б | б | {{IPA link|b}} | b |- | В* | в* | В | в | {{IPA link|v}} | v |- | Г | г | Г | Г | {{IPA link|ɣ}} | g |- | Г̑ | г̑ | Ӷ | ӷ | {{IPA link|ʁ}} | ĝ |- | Д | д | Д̆ | д̆ | {{IPA link|ð}} | d |- | Е* | е* | Е | е | {{IPA link|e}} | e |- | Ж* | ж* | Ж | ж | {{IPA link|ʒ}} | ž |- | З† | з† | З | з | {{IPA link|z}} | z |- | И | и | rowspan="2" | И | rowspan="2" | и | {{IPA link|i}} | i |- | І* | і* | {{IPA link|i}} | j |- | Й | й | Й | й | {{IPA link|j}} | y |- | К | к | К | к | {{IPA link|k}} | k |- | Ԟ | ԟ | Ӄ | ӄ | {{IPA link|q}} | q |- | Л | л | Л | л | {{IPA link|l}} | l |- | М | м | М | м | {{IPA link|m}} | m |- | Н | н | Н | н | {{IPA link|n}} | n |- | Ҥ | ҥ | Ӈ | ӈ | {{IPA link|ŋ}} | ng |- | О* | о* | О | о | {{IPA link|o}} | o |- | П* | п* | П | п | {{IPA link|p}} | p |- | Р* | р* | Р | р | {{IPA link|ɹ}}, {{IPA link|ɾ}} | r |- | С | с | С | с | {{IPA link|s}} | s |- | Т | т | Т | т | {{IPA link|t}} | t |- | У | у | У | у | {{IPA link|u}} | u |- | Ў | ў | Гў | гў | {{IPA link|w}} | w |- | Ф* | ф* | Ф | ф | {{IPA link|f}} | f |- | Х | х | Х | х | {{IPA link|x}} | x |- | Х̑ | х̑ | Ӽ | ӽ | {{IPA link|χ}} | x̂ |- | Ц* | ц* | Ц | ц | {{IPA link|t͡s}} | ts/c |- | Ч | ч | Ч | ч | {{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} | ch |- | Ш* | ш* | Ш | ш | {{IPA link|ʃ}} | |- | Щ* | щ* | Щ | щ | {{IPA|ʃtʃ}} | |- | Ъ | ъ | Ъ | ъ | | |- | Ы* | ы* | Ы | ы | {{IPA link|j}} | |- | Ь | ь | Ь | ь | | |- | Э* | э* | Э | э | {{IPA|je}} | ye |- | Ю | ю | Ю | ю | {{IPA|ju}} | yu |- | Я | я | Я | я | {{IPA|ja}} | ya |- | Ѳ* | ѳ* | | | {{IPA link|f}} | f |- | Ѵ* | ѵ* | | | {{IPA link|i}} | |} : * denotes letters typically used in loanwords : † only found in Atkan Aleut
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