Editing Anodizing (section)

==Other metals==

===Magnesium===
[[Magnesium]] is anodized primarily as a primer for paint. A thin (5 μm) film is sufficient for this.<ref name="Edwards2">{{Cite book
  | last = Edwards
  | first = Joseph
  | title = Coating and Surface Treatment Systems for Metals
  | publisher = Finishing Publications Ltd. and ASM International
  | year = 1997
  | pages = 39–40
  | isbn = 978-0-904477-16-0 }}</ref> Thicker coatings of 25 μm and up can provide mild corrosion resistance when sealed with oil, wax, or [[sodium silicate]].<ref name="Edwards2"/> Standards for magnesium anodizing are given in AMS 2466, AMS 2478, AMS 2479, and ASTM B893.

===Niobium===
[[Niobium]] anodizes in a similar fashion to titanium with a range of attractive colors being formed by interference at different film thicknesses. Again the film thickness is dependent on the anodizing voltage.<ref>{{Cite journal
 | journal = Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
 | volume = 21
 | issue = 11
 | doi = 10.1007/BF01077589
 | pages = 1023–1026
 | year = 1991
 | title = Anodization of niobium in sulphuric acid media
 | first1 = M. A.
 | last1 = Biason Gomes
 | first2 = S. |last2=Onofre |first3=S. |last3=Juanto |first4=L. O. |last4=de S. Bulhões
 | s2cid = 95285286
 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
 | journal = Thin Solid Films
 | volume = 8
 | issue = 4
 | doi = 10.1016/0040-6090(71)90027-7
 | pages = R37–R39
 | year = 1971
 | title = A note on the thicknesses of anodized niobium oxide films
 | first = Y. L.
 | last = Chiou
 |bibcode = 1971TSF.....8R..37C }}</ref> Uses include [[jewelry]] and [[commemorative coin]]s.

===Stainless steel===
[[File:Cetko stainless steel.jpg|thumb|right|anodized stainless steel test plate (molybdate based solution)]]
Stainless steel can be anodized in baths containing sulphuric acid and  hexavalent  chromium compounds.<ref>Handbuch der Galvanotechnik Band III, eds. H. Dettner and J. Elze, Munich 1969., p.291</ref> Baths containing NaOH or KOH solutions can be  used too.As hexavalent chromium compounds are prohibited for use in the EU based on ROHS regulations and are toxic and carcinogenic, solutions based on molybdate are proposed as a replacement (e.g. molybdate 30-100g/ boric acid 10-18 g/manganese sulfate 0.5 - 5 g/1 liter of water, 0.1 - 20 A/dm2, 0.1–15 minutes).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/CN103114320B/en|title=A kind of coloring liquid painted for stainless steel electrochemical and colorize method}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis|url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/thesis/The_electrochemical_colouring_of_austenitic_stainless_steel_in_sodium_molybdate_and_other_environmentally_benign_solutions/12530660/1|title=The electrochemical colouring of austenitic stainless steel in sodium molybdate and other environmentally benign solutions|first=George|last=Alliott|date=July 9, 2020|publisher=Loughborough University |doi=10.26174/thesis.lboro.12530660.v1 |via=repository.lboro.ac.uk}}</ref>

===Tantalum===
[[Tantalum]] anodizes similarly to titanium and niobium with a range of attractive colors being formed by interference at different film thicknesses. Again the film thickness is dependent on the anodizing voltage and typically ranges from 18 to 23 Angstroms per volt depending on electrolyte and temperature. Uses include [[tantalum capacitor]]s.

===Titanium===
[[Image:Anodized titanium colors.svg|upright=1.2|thumb|Selected colors achievable through anodization of titanium]]

An anodized oxide layer has a thickness in the range of {{convert|30|nm|sp=us}} to several micrometers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecmjournal.org/journal/supplements/vol005supp01/pdf/vol005supp01a18.pdf |title=ECM - eCells & Materials Conferences - Open Scientific Discussion |access-date=2011-06-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927220010/http://www.ecmjournal.org/journal/supplements/vol005supp01/pdf/vol005supp01a18.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-27 }}</ref> Standards for titanium anodizing are given by AMS 2487 and AMS 2488.

AMS 2488 Type III anodizing of titanium generates an array of different colors without dyes, for which it is sometimes used in art, [[costume jewelry|costume jewellery]], body piercing jewellery and [[wedding rings]]. The color formed is dependent on the thickness of the oxide (which is determined by the anodizing voltage); it is caused by the interference of light reflecting off the oxide surface with light travelling through it and reflecting off the underlying metal surface. AMS 2488 Type II anodizing produces a thicker matte grey finish with higher wear resistance.<ref>{{cite web |title=AMS2488D: Anodic Treatment - Titanium and Titanium Alloys Solution pH 13 or Higher - SAE International |url=https://www.sae.org/standards/content/ams2488d/ |website=www.sae.org |publisher=SAE International |access-date=4 January 2019}}</ref>

===Zinc===
[[Zinc]] is rarely anodized, but a process was developed by the [[International Lead Zinc Research Organization]] and covered by MIL-A-81801.<ref name="Edwards2"/> A solution of [[ammonium phosphate]], [[Monochromate|chromate]] and [[fluoride]] with voltages of up to 200 V can produce olive green coatings up to 80 μm thick.<ref name="Edwards2"/> The coatings are hard and corrosion resistant.

Zinc or [[galvanized steel]] can be anodized using DC at lower voltages (20–30 V) in silicate baths containing varying concentrations of [[sodium silicate]], [[sodium hydroxide]], [[borax]], [[sodium nitrite]], and [[Nickel(II) sulfate|nickel sulfate]].<ref>Imam, M. A., Moniruzzaman, M., & Mamun, M. A. ANODIZING OF ZINC FOR IMPROVED SURFACE PROPERTIES. Proceedings of a meeting held 20–24 November 2011, 18th International Corrosion Congress, Perth, Australia, pp.&nbsp;199–206 (2012), {{ISBN|9781618393630}}</ref>