Editing Anterior cingulate cortex (section)

===Depression===
The adjacent [[subgenual area|subcallosal cingulate gyrus]] has been implicated in [[major depression]] and research indicates that [[deep-brain stimulation]] of the region could act to alleviate depressive symptoms.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hamani C, Mayberg H, Stone S, Laxton A, Haber S, Lozano AM | title = The subcallosal cingulate gyrus in the context of major depression | journal = Biological Psychiatry | volume = 69 | issue = 4 | pages = 301–8 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21145043 | doi = 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.034 | s2cid = 35458273 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Although people with depression had smaller subgenual ACCs,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ongür D, Ferry AT, Price JL | title = Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex | journal = The Journal of Comparative Neurology | volume = 460 | issue = 3 | pages = 425–49 | date = June 2003 | pmid = 12692859 | doi = 10.1002/cne.10609 | s2cid = 9798173 }}</ref> their ACCs were more active when adjusted for size.  This correlates well with increased subgenual ACC activity during sadness in healthy people,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = George MS, Ketter TA, Parekh PI, Horwitz B, Herscovitch P, Post RM | title = Brain activity during transient sadness and happiness in healthy women | journal = The American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 152 | issue = 3 | pages = 341–51 | date = March 1995 | pmid = 7864258 | doi = 10.1176/ajp.152.3.341 }}</ref> and normalization of activity after successful treatment.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Licinio |first1=Julio|last2=Wong|first2=Ma-Li | name-list-style = vanc |title=Biology of Depression: From Novel Insights to Therapeutic Strategies|url=https://archive.org/details/biologydepressio00lici |url-access=limited |date=29 January 2008|publisher=Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA|isbn=9783527307852|pages=[https://archive.org/details/biologydepressio00lici/page/n455 425]–466}}</ref> Of note, the activity of the subgenual cingulate cortex correlates with individual differences in negative affect during the baseline resting state; in other words, the greater the subgenual activity, the greater the negative affectivity in temperament.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zald DH, Mattson DL, Pardo JV | title = Brain activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex correlates with individual differences in negative affect | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 99 | issue = 4 | pages = 2450–4 | date = February 2002 | pmid = 11842195 | pmc = 122385 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.042457199 | bibcode = 2002PNAS...99.2450Z | doi-access = free }}</ref>