Editing Autonomous robot (section)

===Military autonomous robots===

[[Lethal autonomous weapon]]s (LAWs) are a type of autonomous robot [[military robot|military system]] that can independently search for and engage targets based on programmed constraints and descriptions.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal|last=Crootof|first=Rebecca|date=2015|title=The Killer Robots Are Here: Legal and Policy Implications|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/cdozo36&id=1943|journal=Cardozo L. Rev. |volume=36 |pages=1837|via=heinonline.org}}</ref> LAWs are also known as lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS), autonomous weapon systems (AWS), robotic weapons, killer robots or slaughterbots.<ref>{{cite web |last=Johnson |first=Khari |title=Andrew Yang warns against 'slaughterbots' and urges global ban on autonomous weaponry |url=https://venturebeat.com/2020/01/31/andrew-yang-warns-against-slaughterbots-and-urges-global-ban-on-autonomous-weaponry/ |website=venturebeat.com |publisher=[[VentureBeat]] |date=31 January 2020 |access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref> LAWs may operate in the air, on land, on water, under water, or in space. The autonomy of current systems {{as of|2018|lc=y}} was restricted in the sense that a human gives the final command to attack – though there are exceptions with certain "defensive" systems.

*UGV Interoperability Profile (UGV IOP), Robotics and Autonomous Systems – Ground IOP (RAS-G IOP), was originally a research program started by the [[United States Department of Defense|United States Department of Defense (DoD)]] to organize and maintain [[open architecture]] [[interoperability]] standards for [[Unmanned Ground Vehicles|Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV)]].<ref name="IOPv2">{{cite book|title=Robotics and Autonomous Systems – Ground (RAS-G) Interoperability Profile (IOP)|date=2016|publisher=US Army Project Manager, Force Projection (PM FP)|location=Warren, Michigan, USA|edition=Version 2.0|url=https://namcgroups.org/|ref=IOPv2}}</ref><ref name="aviation2012">{{cite news|title=U.S. Army Unveils Common UGV Standards|url=http://aviationweek.com/awin/us-army-unveils-common-ugv-standards|access-date=25 April 2017|work=Aviation Week Network|publisher=Penton|date=10 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="fnr2014">{{cite news|last1=Serbu|first1=Jared|title=Army turns to open architecture to plot its future in robotics|url=https://federalnewsradio.com/defense/2014/08/army-turns-to-open-architecture-to-plot-its-future-in-robotics/|access-date=28 April 2017|work=Federal News Radio|date=14 August 2014|ref=fnr2014}}</ref><ref name="robolliance">{{cite news |last1=Demaitre |first1=Eugene |title=Military Robots Use Interoperability Profile for Mobile Arms |work= |agency=Robotics Business Review |url=https://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/supply-chain/military-robots-use-interoperability-profile-mobile-arms/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814120445/https://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/supply-chain/military-robots-use-interoperability-profile-mobile-arms/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 14, 2020 |access-date=14 July 2016 }}</ref> The IOP was initially created by U.S. Army Robotic Systems Joint Project Office (RS JPO):<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mazzara|first1=Mark|title=RS JPO Interoperability Profiles|url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA548099|publisher=U.S. Army RS JPO|access-date=20 March 2017|ref=iop2011|location=Warren, Michigan|date=2011}}{{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="iop2014">{{cite web|last1=Mazzara|first1=Mark|title=UGV Interoperability Profiles (IOPs) Update for GVSETS|url=http://ww2.esd.org/gvsets/pdf/ags/1500mazzara_skalny.pdf|publisher=U.S. Army PM FP|access-date=20 March 2017|location=Warren, Michigan|date=2014|ref=iop2014}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="rbr2016">{{cite news|last1=Demaitre|first1=Eugene|title=Military Robots Use Interoperability Profile for Mobile Arms|url=https://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/security/military-robots-use-interoperability-profile-mobile-arms/|access-date=28 April 2017|work=Robotics Business Review|publisher=EH Publishing|date=14 July 2016|ref=rbr2016}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* In October 2019, Textron and Howe & Howe unveiled their [[Ripsaw (vehicle)|Ripsaw]] M5 vehicle,<ref>[https://breakingdefense.com/2019/10/textron-rolls-out-ripsaw-robot-for-rcv-light-and-rcv-medium/ Textron Rolls Out Ripsaw Robot For RCV-Light … And RCV-Medium]. ''Breaking Defense''. 14 October 2019.</ref> and on 9 January 2020, the U.S. Army awarded them a contract for the Robotic Combat Vehicle-Medium (RCV-M) program. Four Ripsaw M5 prototypes are to be delivered and used in a [[company (military unit)|company]]-level to determine the feasibility of integrating unmanned vehicles into ground combat operations in late 2021.<ref>[https://www.defensenews.com/land/2020/01/09/army-picks-winners-to-build-light-and-medium-robotic-combat-vehicles/ US Army picks winners to build light and medium robotic combat vehicles]. ''[[Defense News]]''. 9 January 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.army.mil/article/231572/gvsc_ngcv_cft_announces_rcv_light_and_medium_award_selections GVSC, NGCV CFT announces RCV Light and Medium award selections]. ''Army.mil''. 10 January 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/01/14/army-picks-2-firms-build-light-and-medium-robotic-combat-vehicles.html Army Picks 2 Firms to Build Light and Medium Robotic Combat Vehicles]. ''[[Military.com]]''. 14 January 2020.</ref> It can reach speeds of more than {{cvt|40|mph|abbr=on}}, has a combat weight of 10.5 tons and a payload capacity of {{cvt|8000|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref>[https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2020/4/10/army-setting-stage-for-new-unmanned-platforms Army Setting Stage for New Unmanned Platforms]. ''National Defense Magazine''. 10 April 2020.</ref> The RCV-M is armed with a [[Mk44 Bushmaster II|30&nbsp;mm autocannon]] and a pair of [[anti-tank missile]]s. The standard armor package can withstand [[12.7×108mm]] rounds, with optional add-on armor increasing weight to up to 20 tons. If disabled, it will retain the ability to shoot, with its sensors and radio uplink prioritized to continue transmitting as its primary function.<ref>[https://breakingdefense.com/2020/11/meet-the-armys-future-family-of-robot-tanks-rcv/ Meet The Army’s Future Family Of Robot Tanks: RCV]. ''Breaking Defense''. 9 November 2020.</ref>
* Crusher is a {{convert|13200|lb|kg|adj=on}}<ref name="brochure">{{cite press release|title=UPI: UGCV PerceptOR Integration|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|url=http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/Crusher_Brochure.pdf|access-date=18 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216022023/http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/Crusher_Brochure.pdf|archive-date=16 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[wikt:autonomous|autonomous]] off-road [[Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle]] developed by researchers at the [[Carnegie Mellon University]]'s [[National Robotics Engineering Center]] for [[DARPA]].<ref name="cmu_nrec">{{cite press release|title=Carnegie Mellon's National Robotics Engineering Center Unveils Futuristic Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicles|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|date=April 28, 2006|url=http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/Crusher_Press_Release.pdf|access-date=18 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922225949/http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/Crusher_Press_Release.pdf|archive-date=22 September 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is a follow-up on the previous Spinner vehicle.<ref name="DARPA-press">{{cite press release|title=Crusher Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle Unveiled|publisher=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency|date=April 28, 2006|url=http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/Crusher_Press_Release_DARPA.pdf|access-date=18 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112072447/http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/Crusher_Press_Release_DARPA.pdf|archive-date=12 January 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> DARPA's technical name for the Crusher is ''Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle and Perceptor Integration System'',<ref name="sharkey">{{cite journal|last=Sharkey|first=Noel|title=Grounds for Discrimination: Autonomous Robot Weapons|journal=RUSI: Challenges of Autonomous Weapons|pages=87|url=http://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/23sharkey.pdf|access-date=18 November 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928105846/http://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/23sharkey.pdf|archive-date=28 September 2011}}</ref> and the whole project is known by the acronym UPI, which stands for ''Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle PerceptOR Integration''.<ref name=cmu_nrec />
* [[CATS Warrior]] will be an autonomous wingman drone capable of take-off & landing from land & in sea from an [[aircraft carrier]], it will team up with the existing fighter platforms of the [[Indian Air Force|IAF]] like [[HAL Tejas|Tejas]], [[sukhoi Su-30MKI|Su-30 MKI]] and [[SEPECAT Jaguar|Jaguar]] which will act like its mothership.<ref name="indiatoday">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-gears-up-for-unmanned-warfare-helicopter-drones-cats-warrior-ration-delivery-ladakh-troops-1766009-2021-02-04|title=Strikes from 700km away to drones replacing mules for ration at 15,000ft, India gears up for unmanned warfare – India News|website=indiatoday.in|date=4 February 2021 |access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref>
* The Warrior is primarily envisioned for the Indian Air Force use and a similar, smaller version will be designed for the [[Indian Navy]]. It would be controlled by the mothership and accomplish tasks such as scouting, absorbing enemy fire, attacking the targets if necessary with its internal & external pylons weapons or sacrifice itself by crashing into the target.
* The SGR-A1 is a type of autonomous [[sentry gun]] that was jointly developed by [[Samsung Techwin]] (now [[Hanwha Aerospace]]) and [[Korea University]] to assist South Korean troops in the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone]]. It is widely considered as the first unit of its kind to have an integrated system that includes surveillance, tracking, firing, and voice recognition.<ref name=":1e">{{cite web|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/a-robotic-sentry-for-koreas-demilitarized-zone|title=A Robotic Sentry For Korea's Demilitarized Zone|last=Kumagai|first=Jean|date=March 1, 2007|website=|publisher=IEEE Spectrum|access-date=}}</ref> While units of the SGR-A1 have been reportedly deployed, their number is unknown due to the project being "highly classified".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/korea/machine-gun-toting-robots-deployed-on-dmz-1.110809|title=Machine Gun Toting Robots Deployed On DMZ|last=Rabiroff|first=Jon|date=July 12, 2010|website=|publisher=Stars and Stripes|access-date=|archive-date=April 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406040642/https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/korea/machine-gun-toting-robots-deployed-on-dmz-1.110809|url-status=dead}}</ref>