Editing Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (section)

=== Synaptogenesis ===

BDNF also enhances synaptogenesis. [[Synaptogenesis]] is dependent upon the assembly of new synapses and the disassembly of old synapses by [[ADD2|β-adducin]].<ref name="Bednarek_2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bednarek E, Caroni P | title = β-Adducin is required for stable assembly of new synapses and improved memory upon environmental enrichment | journal = Neuron | volume = 69 | issue = 6 | pages = 1132–46 | date = March 2011 | pmid = 21435558 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.034 | s2cid = 15373477 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Adducins are membrane-skeletal proteins that cap the growing ends of [[actin]] filaments and promote their association with spectrin, another cytoskeletal protein, to create stable and integrated cytoskeletal networks.<ref name="Matsuoka_2000">{{cite journal | vauthors = Matsuoka Y, Li X, Bennett V | title = Adducin: structure, function and regulation | journal = Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences | volume = 57 | issue = 6 | pages = 884–95 | date = June 2000 | pmid = 10950304 | doi = 10.1007/pl00000731 | s2cid = 29317393 | pmc = 11146971 }}</ref>  Actins have a variety of roles in synaptic functioning.  In pre-synaptic neurons, actins are involved in synaptic vesicle recruitment and vesicle recovery following neurotransmitter release.<ref name="Stevens_2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stevens RJ, Littleton JT | title = Synaptic growth: dancing with adducin | journal = Current Biology | volume = 21 | issue = 10 | pages = R402–5 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 21601803 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2011.04.020 | bibcode = 2011CBio...21.R402S | hdl = 1721.1/92025 | s2cid = 3182599 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>  In post-synaptic neurons they can influence dendritic spine formation and retraction as well as AMPA receptor insertion and removal.<ref name="Stevens_2011"/> At their C-terminus, adducins possess a myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) domain which regulates their capping activity.<ref name="Matsuoka_2000"/>  BDNF can reduce capping activities by upregulating PKC, which can bind to the adducing MRCKS domain, inhibit capping activity, and promote synaptogenesis through dendritic spine growth and disassembly and other activities.<ref name="Bednarek_2011"/><ref name="Stevens_2011"/>