Editing Breast augmentation (section)

==The person==
{{Further|Body dysmorphic disorder|Body image|Beauty}}

===Psychology===
The studies ''Body Image Concerns of Breast Augmentation Patients'' (2003) and ''Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Cosmetic Surgery'' (2006) reported that the woman who underwent breast augmentation surgery also had undergone [[psychotherapy]], had low [[self-esteem]], presented frequent occurrences of [[Depression (mood)|psychological depression]], had attempted [[suicide]], and had [[body dysmorphia]]{{snd}}a type of mental illness wherein she perceives non-existent physical defects. Post-operative patient surveys about the mental health and the quality of life of the women, reported improved physical health, physical appearance, social life, self-confidence, self-esteem, and satisfaction [[sexual attraction|sexual functioning]]. Furthermore, most of the women reported long-term satisfaction with their breast implants; some despite having had medical complications that required surgical revision, either corrective or aesthetic. Likewise, in Denmark, 8.0 percent of breast augmentation patients had a pre-operative history of psychiatric hospitalization.<ref name="Brinton2000">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brinton L, Brown S, Colton T, Burich M, Lubin J |title = Characteristics of a Population of Women with Breast Implants Compared with Women Seeking other Types of Plastic Surgery|journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery|volume = 105|issue=3|pages=919–927|year=2000|pmid=10724251|doi=10.1097/00006534-200003000-00014|s2cid = 32599107|url = https://zenodo.org/record/1234820}}</ref><ref name="Jacobsen PH 2004">{{Cite journal | last1 = Jacobsen | first1 = P. H. | last2 = Hölmich | first2 = L. R. | last3 = McLaughlin | first3 = J. K. | last4 = Johansen | first4 = C. | last5 = Olsen | first5 = J. H. | last6 = Kjøller | first6 = K. | last7 = Friis | first7 = S. | title = Mortality and Suicide Among Danish Women with Cosmetic Breast Implants | doi = 10.1001/archinte.164.22.2450 | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 164 | issue = 22 | pages = 2450–2455 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15596635 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Young1994">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1097/00006534-199412000-00009 | last1 = Young | first1 = V. L. | last2 = Nemecek | first2 = J. R. | last3 = Nemecek | first3 = D. A. | title = The efficacy of breast augmentation: Breast size increase, patient satisfaction, and psychological effects | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 94 | issue = 7 | pages = 958–969 | year = 1994 | pmid = 7972484| s2cid = 753343 }}</ref><ref name="Crerand 2006">{{Cite journal | last1 = Crerand | first1 = C. E. | last2 = Franklin | first2 = M. E. | last3 = Sarwer | first3 = D. B. | doi = 10.1097/01.prs.0000242500.28431.24 | title = Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Cosmetic Surgery | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 118 | issue = 7 | pages = 167e–180e | year = 2006 | pmid = 17102719 | s2cid = 8925060 }}</ref><ref name="Sarwer2003">{{Cite journal | last1 = Sarwer | first1 = D. B. | last2 = Larossa | first2 = D. | last3 = Bartlett | first3 = S. P. | last4 = Low | first4 = D. W. | last5 = Bucky | first5 = L. P. | last6 = Whitaker | first6 = L. A. | doi = 10.1097/01.PRS.0000066005.07796.51 | title = Body Image Concerns of Breast Augmentation Patients | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 112 | issue = 1 | pages = 83–90 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12832880 | s2cid = 45574374 }}</ref><ref name="chahraoui2006">{{Cite journal | last1 = Chahraoui | first1 = K. | last2 = Danino | first2 = A. | last3 = Frachebois | first3 = C. | last4 = Clerc | first4 = A. S. | last5 = Malka | first5 = G. | title = Chirurgie esthétique et qualité de vie subjective avant et quatre mois après l'opération | doi = 10.1016/j.anplas.2005.07.010 | journal = Annales de Chirurgie Plastique et Esthétique | volume = 51 | issue = 3 | pages = 207–210 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16181718 }}</ref><ref name="Cash2002">{{Cite journal | last1 = Cash | first1 = T. F. | last2 = Duel | first2 = L. A. | last3 = Perkins | first3 = L. L. | title = Women's psychosocial outcomes of breast augmentation with silicone gel-filled implants: A 2-year prospective study | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 109 | issue = 6 | pages = 2112–2121; discussion 2121–3 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11994621 | doi=10.1097/00006534-200205000-00049}}</ref><ref name="Haas2007">{{Cite journal | last1 = Figueroa-Haas | first1 = C. L. | title = Effect of breast augmentation mammoplasty on self-esteem and sexuality: A quantitative analysis | journal = Plastic Surgical Nursing | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | pages = 16–36 | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1097/01.PSN.0000264159.30505.c9 | pmid = 17356451 | s2cid = 23169107 }}</ref><ref name=AUG_2006>{{cite web | title=Important Information for Women About Breast Augmentation with Inamed Silicone Gel-Filled Implants | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | year=2006 | url = https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf2/P020056d.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070103050703/https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf2/P020056d.pdf | archive-date=2007-01-03 | access-date=2007-05-04 }}</ref><ref name="HandelN">{{Cite journal | last1 = Handel | first1 = N. | last2 = Cordray | first2 = T. | last3 = Gutierrez | first3 = J. | last4 = Jensen | first4 = J. A. | s2cid = 15228702 | title = A Long-Term Study of Outcomes, Complications, and Patient Satisfaction with Breast Implants | doi = 10.1097/01.prs.0000201457.00772.1d | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 117 | issue = 3 | pages = 757–767; discussion 767–72 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16525261 }}</ref>{{excessive citations inline|date=January 2023}}

===Women bodybuilders===
The Cosmeticsurgery.com article ''They Need Bosoms, too{{snd}}Women Weight Lifters'' (2013) reported that women weight-lifters have resorted to breast augmentation surgery to maintain a feminine physique, and so compensate for the loss of breast mass consequent to the increased lean-body mass and decreased body-fat consequent to [[Female bodybuilding|lifting weights]].<ref>[http://www.cosmeticsurgery.com/articles/archive/an~83/ They Need Bosoms, too – Women Weight Lifters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022170805/http://www.cosmeticsurgery.com/articles/archive/an~83/ |date=2016-10-22 }}, ''Cosmeticsurgery.com''</ref>

===Mental health===
The [[longitudinal study]] ''Excess Mortality from Suicide and other External Causes of Death Among Women with Cosmetic Breast Implants'' (2007), reported that women who sought breast implants are almost 3.0 times as likely to commit suicide as are women who have not sought breast implants. Compared to the standard suicide-rate for women of the general populace, the suicide-rate for women with augmented breasts remained alike until 10-years post-implantation, yet it increased to 4.5 times greater at the 11-year mark, and so remained until the 19-year mark, when it increased to 6.0 times greater at 20-years post-implantation. Moreover, additional to the suicide risk, women with [[breast implant]]s also faced a trebled death risk from [[alcoholism]] and drugs abuse (prescription and recreational).<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSN0836919020070808?rpc=22&sp=true | work=Reuters | title=Breast Implants Linked with Suicide in Study | date=2007-08-08}}</ref><ref name="usatoday.com">{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2007-08-06-breast-implants_N.htm | work=USA Today | title=Breast Implants Linked to Higher Suicide Rates | first=Anita | last=Manning | date=2007-08-06 | access-date=2010-04-26}}</ref> Although seven studies have statistically connected a woman's undergoing a breast augmentation procedure to a greater suicide rate, the research indicates that augmentation<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2015-03-15 |title=Characteristics of Women Who Have Had Cosmetic Breast Implants That Could Be Associated with Increased Suicide Risk: A Systematic Review, Proposing a Suicide Prevention Model |pmc=4366693 |last1=Manoloudakis |first1=N. |last2=Labiris |first2=G. |last3=Karakitsou |first3=N. |last4=Kim |first4=J. B. |last5=Sheena |first5=Y. |last6=Niakas |first6=D. |journal=Archives of Plastic Surgery |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=131–142 |doi=10.5999/aps.2015.42.2.131 |pmid=25798383 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sarwer |first1=David B. |last2=Brown |first2=Gregory K. |last3=Evans |first3=Dwight L. |date=July 2007 |title=Cosmetic breast augmentation and suicide |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17606650/ |journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=164 |issue=7 |pages=1006–1013 |doi=10.1176/ajp.2007.164.7.1006 |issn=0002-953X |pmid=17606650}}</ref> surgery does not increase the suicide rate; and that, in the first instance, it is the [[psychopathology|psychopathologically]] inclined woman who is likelier to undergo breast augmentation.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Brinton | first1 = L. A. | last2 = Lubin | first2 = J. H. | last3 = Burich | first3 = M. C. | last4 = Colton | first4 = T. | last5 = Hoover | first5 = R. N. | title = Mortality among augmentation mammoplasty patients | journal = Epidemiology | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 321–326 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11337605 | doi=10.1097/00001648-200105000-00012| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Koot | first1 = V. C. M. | last2 = Peeters | first2 = P. H. | last3 = Granath | first3 = F. | last4 = Grobbee | first4 = D. E. | last5 = Nyren | first5 = O. | title = Total and cause specific mortality among Swedish women with cosmetic breast implants: Prospective study | doi = 10.1136/bmj.326.7388.527 | journal = BMJ | volume = 326 | issue = 7388 | pages = 527–528 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12623911 | pmc =150462 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Pukkala | first1 = E. | last2 = Kulmala | first2 = I. | last3 = Hovi | first3 = S. L. | last4 = Hemminki | first4 = E. | last5 = Keskimäki | first5 = I. | last6 = Lipworth | first6 = L. | last7 = Boice | first7 = J. D. | last8 = McLaughlin | first8 = J. K. | last9 = McLaughlin | doi = 10.1097/01.sap.0000080407.97677.A5 | first9 = J. K. | title = Causes of Death Among Finnish Women with Cosmetic Breast Implants, 1971–2001 | journal = Annals of Plastic Surgery | volume = 51 | issue = 4 | pages = 339–342; discussion 342–4 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14520056 | s2cid = 34929987 }}</ref><ref name="Villenueve2006" /><ref name="pmid16477256">{{Cite journal | last1 = Brinton | first1 = L. A. | last2 = Lubin | first2 = J. H. | last3 = Murray | first3 = M. C. | last4 = Colton | first4 = T. | last5 = Hoover | first5 = R. N. | title = Mortality Rates Among Augmentation Mammoplasty Patients | doi = 10.1097/01.ede.0000197056.84629.19 | journal = Epidemiology | volume = 17 | issue = 2 | pages = 162–169 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16477256 | s2cid = 22285852 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>National Plastic Surgery Procedural Statistics, 2006. Arlington Heights, Illinois, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, 2007</ref>

Moreover, the study ''Effect of Breast Augmentation Mammoplasty on Self-Esteem and Sexuality: A Quantitative Analysis'' (2007), reported that the women attributed their improved self-esteem, self-image, and increased, satisfactory sexual functioning to having undergone breast augmentation; the cohort, aged 21–57 years, averaged post-operative self-esteem increases ranging from 20.7 to 24.9 points on the 30-point [[Rosenberg self-esteem scale]], which data supported the 78.6 percent increase in the woman's [[libido]], relative to her pre-operative level of libido. Therefore, before agreeing to any surgical procedure, the plastic surgeon evaluates and considers the woman's [[mental health]] to determine if breast implants can positively affect her self-esteem and [[Sexual function|sexual functioning]].<ref>Nauert, Rick. (2007-03-23) [http://psychcentral.com/news/2007/03/23/plastic-surgery-helps-self-esteem/703.html Plastic Surgery Helps Self-Esteem | Psych Central News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619034928/http://psychcentral.com/news/2007/03/23/plastic-surgery-helps-self-esteem/703.html |date=2010-06-19 }}. Psychcentral.com. Retrieved on 2012-07-15.</ref>