Editing Cadency (section)

==== Past usage ====
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
| [[File:Arms of Philippe Hurepel.svg|80px]]
| [[File:Arms of Robert dArtois.svg|80px]]
| [[File:Arms of Alphonse de Poitiers.svg|80px]]
| [[File:Arms of Charles dAnjou.svg|80px]]
|-
| Arms of [[Philip Hurepel]], Count of Clermont
| Arms of [[Robert I, Count of Artois]]
| Arms of [[Alphonse, Count of Poitiers]]
| Original arms of [[Charles I of Sicily|Charles]], <br /> before becoming Count of Anjou and Maine
|-
| [[File:Arms of Jean dAnjou.svg|80px]]
| [[File:Arms of Philippe de Valois.svg|80px]]
| [[File:Arms of Pierre dAlencon.svg|80px]]
| [[File:Arms of Robert de Clermont.svg|80px]]
|-
| Arms of [[Charles I of Sicily|Charles, Count of Anjou and Maine]]
| Arms of [[John Tristan, Count of Valois]]
| Arms of [[Peter I, Count of Alençon|Pierre, Count of Alençon]]
| Arms of [[Robert, Count of Clermont]]
|-
| [[File:Arms of Charles de Valois.svg|80px]]
| [[File:Arms of Louis dEvereux.svg|80px]]
| [[File:Arms of Philippe le Long.svg|80px]]
| [[File:Arms of Charles le Bel.svg|80px]]
|-
| Arms of [[Charles of Valois|Charles, Count of Anjou and Maine]]
| Arms of [[Louis, Count of Evreux]]
| Arms of [[Philip V of France|Philip, Count of Poitiers]]
| Arms of [[Charles IV of France|Charles, Count of La Marche]]
|}

The sons of [[Louis VIII of France|Louis VIII]] and [[Blanche of Castile]] used golden castles on a red background (derived from the arms of Castile) as charges to difference their arms: for Robert, a ''label''; for Alphonse, a [[semy]] of castles; for Charles, a ''bordure''. This initial system of differencing was dropped in favor of a longer-lasting simpler system. Charles, the youngest son of Louis VIII, changed his arms in favor of the arms of France with a plain ''label gules''.

The simpler system primarily used four marks of difference: the ''label'', the ''bordure'', the ''bend'', and the ''bordure engrailed''. The tinctures used were gules; a [[compony]] of argent and gules; and argent. They occasionally came up with more unusual forms, such as a ''bordure-label gules'' and a ''bordure gules charged with eight [[Roundel (heraldry)|plates]]''.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
| [[File:Arms of Charles le Bel.svg|80px]]
| [[File:Arms of Philippe le Hardi.svg|80px]]
| [[File:Arms of Charles de Berry.svg|80px]]
| [[File:Arms of Charles de Normandie.svg|80px]]
| [[File:Arms of Charles de Guyenne.svg|80px]]
|-
| Arms granted to [[Philip the Bold]] (Duke of Touraine)
| Arms of Philip the Bold as Duke of Burgundy
| Arms granted to [[Charles de Valois, Duc de Berry|Charles, Duke of Berry]], brother of Louis XI
| Arms of Charles as Duke of Normandy
| Arms of Charles as Duke of Guyenne
|}

Initially, the arms were attributed to the cadet. Thus, even when [[Philip the Bold]] exchanged his [[appanage]] of [[Touraine]] in favor of [[duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]], he retained the arms he had received as [[Duke of Touraine]], but quartered it with the arms of Burgundy. Another example is [[Charles de Valois, Duc de Berry|Charles, Duke of Berry]], younger brother of Louis XI.

However, by the seventeenth century, arms became associated with titles. The bordure gules was associated with Anjou, and the label argent with Orléans. Thus, when a cadet exchanged his appanage, his arms changed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/frdiffer.htm|title=Marks of Difference in the French Royal Family|first=Francois|last=Velde|website=www.heraldica.org|access-date=6 April 2018}}</ref>