Editing Cagot (section)

=== Treatment by governments ===

Cagots were not allowed to marry non-Cagots<ref name="marriage">{{harvp|Loubès|1995}}; {{harvp|Veyrin|2011|p=84}}; {{harvp|Álvarez|2019}}; {{harvp|Kessel|2019}}; {{harvp|Rogozinski|2024|pp=205–206}}</ref> leading to forced [[endogamy]],<ref>{{harvp|Jolly|2000|p=205}}: "{{lang|fr|L'étendue des aires matrimoniales et la distribution des patronymes constituent les principaux indices de la mobilité des cagots. F. Bériac relie l'extension des aires matrimoniales des cagots des différentes localités étudiées (de 20 à plus de 35 km) à l'importance et la densité relative des groupes de cagots, corrélant la recherche de conjoints lointains à l'épuisement des possibilités locales. A. Guerreau et Y. Guy, en utilisant la documentation gersoise exploitée par G. Loubès et les documents publiés par Fay pour le Béarn et la Chalosse (XVe–XVIIe s.) concluent que l'endogamie des cagots semble s'opérer au sein de trois sous-ensembles qui correspondent à ceux que distingue la terminologie à partir du XVIe siècle: agotes, cagots, capots. Au sein de chacun d'eux, les distances moyennes d'intermariage sont relativement importantes: entre 12 et 15 km en Béarn et Chalosse, plus de 30 km dans le Gers, dans une société où plus de la moitié des mariages se faisaient à l'intérieur d'un même village.}}" ["The extent of marital areas and the distribution of surnames are the main indices of cagot mobility. F. Bériac links the extension of the matrimonial areas of the Cagots of the different localities studied (from 20 to more than 35 km) to the importance and the relative density of the groups of cagots, correlating the search for distant spouses with the exhaustion of possibilities local. {{ill|Alain Guerreau|fr}} and Y. Guy, using the [[Gers]] documentation exploited by G. Loubès and the documents published by Fay for Béarn and [[Chalosse]] (15th–17th century) conclude that the endogamy of Cagots seems to operate within three subsets that correspond to those distinguished by terminology from the 16th century: agotes, cagots, capots. Within each of them, the average intermarriage distances are relatively long: between 12 and 15 km in Béarn and Chalosse, more than 30 km in the Gers, in a society where more than half of marriages took place at home, inside the same village."]</ref> though in some areas in the later centuries (such as [[Béarn]]) they were able to marry non-Cagots though the non-Cagot would then be classed as a Cagot.{{sfnp|British Medical Journal|1912}} They were not allowed to enter taverns or use public fountains.{{sfnp|Winkle|1997|pp=39–40}} The marginalization of the Cagots began at baptism where chimes were not rung in celebration as was the case for non-Cagots and that the baptisms were held at nightfall.{{sfnp|Guerreau|Guy|1988}}{{sfnp|Kessel|2019}} Within parish registries the term {{lang|fr|cagot}}, or its scholarly synonym {{lang|fr|gezitan}}, was entered.{{sfnp|Bériac|1987}} Cagots were buried in cemeteries separate from non-Cagots<ref>{{harvp|Guy|1983}}; {{harvp|Winkle|1997|pp=39–40}}; {{harvp|Tuke|1880|p=376}}; {{harvp|Heng|2022|p=31–32}}</ref> with reports of riots occurring if bishops tried to have the bodies moved to non-Cagot cemeteries.{{sfnp|Winkle|1997|pp=39–40}} Commonly Cagots were not given a standard last name in registries and records but were only listed by their first name, followed by the mention "{{lang|fr|crestians}}" or "{{lang|fr|cagot}}",{{r|Supplement 2010}} such as on their baptismal certificate,{{sfnp|Louis-Lande|1878|p=430}}<ref name="Duffy, 2019">{{cite web |last=Duffy |first=Diane |date=7 August 2019 |title=This Month in Writing: 'An Accursed Race' |url=https://gaskellsociety.co.uk/an-accursed-race/ |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=The Gaskell Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023060422/https://gaskellsociety.co.uk/an-accursed-race/ |archive-date=23 October 2021}}</ref> They were allowed to enter a church only by a special door{{sfnp|Winkle|1997|pp=39–40}}<ref name="von Zach - church">{{harvp|von Zach|1798|p=519|ps=: "{{lang|de|dass sie in die Kirchen nicht anders, als durch abgesonderte Thüren hineintreten durften, und in diesen ihre eigenen Weihbecken und Stühle für sich und ihre Familie hatten.}}" ["that they were not allowed to enter the churches other than through separate doors, and in these had their own stoups and chairs for themselves and their families."]}}</ref> and, during the service, a rail separated them from the other worshippers.{{sfnp|Winkle|1997|pp=39–40}}{{r|von Zach - church}} They were forbidden from joining the [[priesthood]].{{sfnp|Álvarez|2019}} Either they were altogether forbidden to partake of the sacrament, or the [[Eucharist]] was given to them on the end of a wooden spoon,{{sfnp|del Carmen Aguirre Delclaux|2008}}{{sfnp|Hansson|1996}}{{r|Supplement 2010}} while a [[holy water stoup]] was reserved for their exclusive use.{{sfnp|Tuke|1880|p=377}} They were compelled to wear a distinctive dress to which, in some places, was attached the foot of a goose{{r|Lascorz, Bizén, 1992}} or duck{{sfnp|Tuke|1880|p=381}} (whence they were sometimes called {{lang|fr|Canards}}),{{r|Supplement 2010}} and latterly to have a red representation of a goose's foot in fabric sewn onto their clothes.<ref>{{harvp|Ulysse|1891}}; {{harvp|Álvarez|2019}}; {{harvp|del Carmen Aguirre Delclaux|2008}}; {{harvp|Louis-Lande|1878|p=426|ps=: "{{lang|fr|Aussi les tenait-on prudemment à l'écart: ceux des villes étaient relégués dans un faubourg spécial où les personnes saines se lussent bien gardées de mettre les pieds et d'où ils ne pouvaient sortir eux-mêmes sans porter sur leur vêtement et bien en évidence un morceau de drap rouge taillé en patte d'oie ou de canard}}" ["So they were kept prudently apart: those from the cities were relegated to a special suburb where healthy people were careful not to set foot and where they could not get out themselves without wearing on their clothes and well in evidence a piece of red cloth cut in crow's or duck's feet"]}}</ref> Whilst in Navarre a court ruling in 1623 required all Cagots to wear cloaks with a yellow trim to identify them as Cagots.{{sfnp|Kessel|2019}}

In Spanish territories Cagots were subject to the {{lang|es|limpieza de sangre}} statutes (cleanliness of blood).{{sfnp|Hors|1951|p=311}} These statutes established the legal discrimination, restriction of rights, and restriction of privileges of the descendants of Muslims, Jews, [[Gitanos|Romani]], and Cagots.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Llinares |first=Lidia Montesinos |date=2013 |title=IRALIKU'K: La confrontación de los comunales: Etnografía e historia de las relaciones de propiedad en Goizueta |language=es |trans-title=IRALIKU'K: The confrontation of the communal: Ethnography and history of property relations in Goizueta |type=MA |page=81}}</ref>