Editing Chinese space program (section)

==Organization==
Initially, the space program of the PRC was organized under the [[People's Liberation Army]], particularly the [[Second Artillery Corps]] (now the [[People's Liberation Army Rocket Force|PLA Rocket Force]], PLARF). In the 1990s, the PRC reorganized the space program as part of a general reorganization of the defense industry to make it resemble Western defense procurement.

The China National Space Administration, an agency within the [[ State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense]], is now responsible for launches. The Long March rocket is produced by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, and satellites are produced by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The latter organizations are [[state-owned enterprise]]s; however, it is the intent of the PRC government that they should not be actively state-managed and that they should behave as independent design bureaus.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

{{Location map+|China|width=700|caption=Locations of Chinese space program facilities|places=
{{Location map~|China|lat_deg=40|lon_deg=116.3|position=top|mark=Blue pog.svg|label=Beijing space city}}
{{Location map~|China|lat_deg=37.48|lon_deg=121.39|position=right|mark=Blue pog.svg|label=Yantai space city}}
{{Location map~|China|lat_deg=31.03|lon_deg=121.46|position=left|mark=Blue pog.svg|label=Shanghai space city}}
{{Location map~|China|lat_deg=41|lon_deg=100.4|position=right|mark=Blue pog.svg|label=Dongfeng space city}}
{{Location map~|China|lat_deg=26.5|lon_deg=106.71|position=left|mark=Blue pog.svg|label=Guizhou Base 061}}
{{Location map~|China|lat_deg=19|lat_min=30|lon_deg=110|lon_min=50|position=left|mark=Blue pog.svg|label=Wenchang space city}}
{{Location map~|China|lat_deg=40.96|lon_deg=100.29|position=left|mark=Green pog.svg|label=[[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center]]}}
{{Location map~|China|lat_deg=39.14|lon_deg=111.96|position=left|mark=Green pog.svg|label=[[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center]]}}
{{Location map~|China|lat_deg=28.24|lon_deg=102.02|position=left|mark=Green pog.svg|label=[[Xichang Satellite Launch Center]]}}
{{Location map~|China|lat_deg=19|lat_min=36|lon_deg=110|lon_min=57|position=right|mark=Green pog.svg|label=[[Wenchang Satellite Launch Center]]}}
{{Location map~|China|lat_deg=39.7|lon_deg=116|position=bottom|mark=Red pog.svg|label=[[Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center]]}}
{{Location map~|China|lat_deg=34.16|lon_deg=109.07|position=bottom|mark=Red pog.svg|label=[[Xi'an Satellite Control Center]]}}
{{Location map~|China|lat_deg=41|lat_min=31|lon_deg=111|lon_min=42|position=top|mark=Black pog.svg|label=[[Dorbod Banner|Siziwang Landing Site]]}}
}}

===Universities and institutes===
The space program also has close links with:
* College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, [[National University of Defense Technology]]
* School of Astronautics, [[Beihang University]]
* School of Aerospace, [[Tsinghua University]]
* School of Astronautics, [[Northwestern Polytechnical University]]
* School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, [[Zhejiang University]]
* Institute of Aerospace Science and Technology, [[Shanghai Jiaotong University]]
* College of Aeronautics, [[Harbin Institute of Technology]]
* School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, [[Beihang University]]

===Space cities===
*[[Dongfeng space city|Dongfeng Space City]] ({{Zh|s=东风航天城|labels=no}}), also known as ''Base 20'' ({{Zh|s=二十基地|labels=no}}) or ''Dongfeng base'' ({{Zh|s=东风基地|labels=no}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nmg.xinhuanet.com/nmgdcy/lvyou/2007-12/05/content_11855918.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724233031/http://www.nmg.xinhuanet.com/nmgdcy/lvyou/2007-12/05/content_11855918.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-07-24|title=航天科技游圣地—东风航天城|publisher=新华网内蒙古频道|date=2007-12-05|access-date=May 7, 2008}}</ref>
*[[Beijing space city|Beijing Space City]] ({{Zh|s=北京航天城|labels=no}})
*[[Wenchang space city|Wenchang Space City]] ({{Zh|s=文昌航天城|labels=no}})
*[[Shanghai space city|Shanghai Space City]] ({{Zh|s=上海航天城|labels=no}})
*[[Yantai space city|Yantai Space City]] ({{Zh|s=烟台航天城|labels=no}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shm.com.cn/newscenter/2005-04/02/content_732207.htm|title=烟台航天城"起航"了 力争成我国航天技术发展基地|publisher=水母网|date=2005-04-02|access-date=May 9, 2008|archive-date=February 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219183821/http://www.shm.com.cn/newscenter/2005-04/02/content_732207.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://yantai.dzwww.com/xinwen/xwzt/szlh/|title=烟台大众网一神舟六号专题:513所简介|publisher=烟台大众网|date=2007-06-06|access-date=May 9, 2008}}</ref>
*[[Guizhou Aerospace Industrial Park]] ({{Zh|s=贵州航天高新技术产业园|labels=no}}), also known as ''Base 061'' ({{Zh|s=航天〇六一基地|labels=no}}), founded in 2002 after approval of ''Project 863'' for industrialization of aerospace research centers ({{Zh|s=国家863计划成果产业化基地|labels=no}}).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n615708/n620172/n677078/n751578/163222.html |title=航天○六一基地自主创新促发展 |publisher=国家航天局网 |date=2008-07-14 |access-date=July 22, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929173723/http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n615708/n620172/n677078/n751578/163222.html |archive-date=September 29, 2008 }}</ref>

===Suborbital launch sites===
*[[Nanhui]] ({{Zh|s=南汇县老港镇东进村|labels=no}}) First successful launch of a [[T-7M]] sounding rocket on February 19, 1960.<ref name="nhwsj.gov.cn">{{cite web|date=2006-06-19|title=中国第一枚自行设计制造的试验 探空火箭T-7M发射场遗址|url=http://www.nhwsj.gov.cn:8080/nhybweb/wgzj/web/news_view.asp?newsid=600|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214143836/http://www.nhwsj.gov.cn:8080/nhybweb/wgzj/web/news_view.asp?newsid=600|archive-date=February 14, 2009|access-date=May 8, 2008|publisher=南汇医保信息网}}</ref>
*[[Base 603]] ({{Zh|s=安徽广德誓节渡中国科学院六〇三基地|labels=no}}) Also known as ''Guangde Launch Site'' ({{Zh|s=广德发射场|labels=no}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lantianyu.net/pdf18/ts076061_1.htm|title=军事史话（第七部） 导弹部队史话|publisher=蓝田玉PDF小说网|date=2008-03-01|access-date=June 4, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007231509/http://www.lantianyu.net/pdf18/ts076061_1.htm|archive-date=October 7, 2008}}</ref> The first successful flight of a biological experimental sounding rocket transporting eight white mice was launched and recovered on July 19, 1964.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/d/2006-11-15/16531238936.shtml|title=贝时璋院士：开展宇宙生物学研究|publisher=新浪|date=2006-11-15|access-date=May 8, 2008}}</ref>

=== Satellite launch centers ===
The PRC has 6 satellite launch centers/sites:
* [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center]] (JSLC)
* [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center]] (TSLC)
* [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center]] (XSLC)
* [[Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site]] (administered by Xichang SLC)
* [[Wenchang Commercial Space Launch Site]] (administered by [[HICAL]])
* [[Haiyang|Haiyang Oriental Aerospace Port]] (administered by Taiyuan SLC)

===Monitoring and control centers===
*[[Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center]] (BACCC)
*[[Xi'an Satellite Control Center]] (XSCC) also known as ''Base 26''({{Zh|s=二十六基地|labels=no}})
*Fleet of six [[Yuanwang]]-class space tracking ships.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scitech.people.com.cn/GB/7117881.html|title=远望六号航天测量船交付将执行神七任务|publisher=人 民 网|date=2008-04-14|access-date=April 15, 2008|archive-date=June 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610041053/http://scitech.people.com.cn/GB/7117881.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Data relay satellite]] ({{Zh|s=数据中继卫星|labels=no}}) [[Tianlian I]] ({{Zh|s=天链一号|labels=no}}), specially developed to decrease the communication time between the [[Shenzhou 7]] spaceship and the ground; it will also improve the amount of data that can be transferred. The current orbit coverage of 12 percent will thus be increased to a total of about 60 percent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scitech.people.com.cn/GB/7170743.html|title=我国首颗中继卫星发射成功 将测控神七飞行|publisher=人 民 网|date=2008-04-26|access-date=April 27, 2008|archive-date=June 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610041047/http://scitech.people.com.cn/GB/7170743.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://you.video.sina.com.cn/b/12690835-1235819911.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121216041646/http://you.video.sina.com.cn/b/12690835-1235819911.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-12-16|title=天链一号01星发射现场DV实录|publisher=新浪|date=2008-04-27|access-date=May 5, 2008}}</ref>
*[[Chinese Deep Space Network|Deep Space Tracking Network]] composed with radio antennas in [[Beijing]], [[Shanghai]], [[Kunming]] and [[Ürümqi]], forming a 3000&nbsp;km VLBI ({{Zh|s=甚长基线干涉|labels=no}}).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stcsm.gov.cn/Detail/Detail.aspx?tbno=202&id=36675120-b32d-41e5-b9ca-0f856a25ae25 |title=精密测轨嫦娥二号 "即拍即显" |publisher=上海科技 |date=2008-06-18 |access-date=June 18, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213100738/http://www.stcsm.gov.cn/Detail/Detail.aspx?tbno=202&id=36675120-b32d-41e5-b9ca-0f856a25ae25 |archive-date=February 13, 2009 }}</ref>

====Domestic tracking stations====
*New integrated land-based space monitoring and control network stations, forming a large triangle with [[Kashgar|Kashi]] in the north-west of China, [[Jiamusi]] in the north-east and [[Sanya]] in the south.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2008-04/25/content_953727.htm|title=海南省三亚市新型综合航天测控站建成并投入使用|publisher=中国政府网|date=2008-04-25|access-date=April 25, 2008}}</ref>
*[[Weinan Tracking Station|Weinan Station]]
*[[Changchun Tracking Station|Changchun Station]]
*[[Qingdao Tracking Station|Qingdao Station]]
*[[Zhanyi Tracking Station|Zhanyi Station]]
*[[Nanhai Tracking Station|Nanhai Station]]
*[[Tianshan Tracking Station|Tianshan Station]]
*[[Xiamen Tracking Station|Xiamen Station]]
*[[Lushan Tracking Station|Lushan Station]]
*[[Jiamusi Tracking Station|Jiamusi Station]]
*[[Dongfeng Tracking Station|Dongfeng Station]]
*[[Hetian Tracking Station|Hetian Station]]

====Overseas tracking stations====
* [[Tarawa]] Station, Kiribati
* [[Malindi]] Station, Kenya
* [[Swakopmund tracking station]], Namibia
* China Satellite Launch and Tracking Control General tracking hub at [[Espacio Lejano Station]] in [[Neuquén Province]], [[Argentina]].<ref name="nyt">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/28/world/americas/china-latin-america.html |title=From a Space Station in Argentina, China Expands Its Reach in Latin America |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 28, 2019 |first1=Ernesto |last1=Londoño}}</ref> {{Coord|38.193014|S|70.147581|W|display=inline}}

Plus shared space tracking facilities with France, Brazil, Sweden, and Australia.

===Crewed landing sites===
*[[Siziwang Banner]]