Editing Cockatoo (section)

===Status and conservation===
[[File:Cacatua haematuropygia -two captive-8a.jpg|thumb|right|The [[red-vented cockatoo]] is a [[critically endangered]] species endemic to the [[Philippines]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=1403 |publisher=[[BirdLife International]] |title=Philippine Cockatoo&nbsp;– BirdLife Species Factsheet |access-date=20 October 2009 |archive-date=13 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513235423/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=1403 |url-status=live }}</ref>|alt=Two mainly white-plumaged cockatoos facing each other in a cage. Some feathers at the base of the underside of their tails are red]]
[[File:Cacatua ophthalmica -Vogelpark Walsrode -upper body-8a.jpg|right|thumb|The [[blue-eyed cockatoo]] is a [[vulnerable species]] endemic to [[New Britain]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30025 |publisher=BirdLife International |title=Blue-eyed Cockatoo&nbsp;– BirdLife Species Factsheet |access-date=8 November 2009 |archive-date=4 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604000531/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30025 |url-status=live }}</ref>|alt=The upper body of a mainly white cockatoo that has raised its left leg to its black beak. Pale-yellow crest feathers are just seen under the more prominent white crest feathers. It has a wide circular rim of featherless blue skin around its eyes. Its irises are brown.]]
According to the [[IUCN]] and [[BirdLife International]], seven species of cockatoo are considered to be [[vulnerable species|vulnerable]] or worse and one is considered to be [[Near-threatened species|near-threatened]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciessearchresults.php?reg=&cty=&cri=&fam=67&gen=0&spc=&cmn=cockatoo&hab=&thr=&bt=&rec=N&vag=N&hdnAction=ADV_SEARCH&SearchTerms= |title=Data Zone: Search Species: Cockatoo |access-date=8 September 2011 |publisher=BirdLife International |year=2011 |archive-date=12 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112203834/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciessearchresults.php?reg=&cty=&cri=&fam=67&gen=0&spc=&cmn=cockatoo&hab=&thr=&bt=&rec=N&vag=N&hdnAction=ADV_SEARCH&SearchTerms= |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciessearchresults.php?reg=&cty=&cri=&fam=67&gen=0&spc=&cmn=corella&hab=&thr=&bt=&rec=N&vag=N&hdnAction=ADV_SEARCH&SearchTerms= |title=Data Zone: Search Species: Corella |access-date=8 September 2011 |publisher=BirdLife International |year=2011 |archive-date=12 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112203856/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciessearchresults.php?reg=&cty=&cri=&fam=67&gen=0&spc=&cmn=corella&hab=&thr=&bt=&rec=N&vag=N&hdnAction=ADV_SEARCH&SearchTerms= |url-status=live }}</ref> Of these, two species—the red-vented cockatoo and the [[yellow-crested cockatoo]]—are considered to be [[critically endangered]].<ref name=Cam178>{{Harvnb|Cameron|2007|p=178}}</ref>

The principal threats to cockatoos are [[habitat loss]] and the [[wildlife trade]]. All cockatoos are dependent on trees for nesting and are vulnerable to their loss; in addition many species have specialised habitat requirements or live on small islands and have naturally small ranges, making them vulnerable to the loss of these habitats.<ref>{{Cite journal|title= Agricultural change and paddock tree loss: Implications for an endangered subspecies of Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo| journal=Ecological Management & Restoration| year=2005|first=M|last=Maron |volume=6|issue=3|pages= 206–11|doi=10.1111/j.1442-8903.2005.00238.x| bibcode=2005EcoMR...6..206M}}</ref> Cockatoos are popular as pets and the capture and trade has threatened some species; between 1983 and 1990, 66,654 recorded [[salmon-crested cockatoo]]s were exported from [[Indonesia]], a figure that does not include the number of birds caught for the domestic trade or that were exported illegally.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Density and distribution of the endemic Seram cockatoo ''Cacatua moluccensis'' in relation to land use patterns |journal=Biological Conservation|year=2003|last=Kinnaird|first=M|author2=O'Brien TG|author3=Lambert FR|author4=Purmias D|volume=109 |issue=2 |pages=227–35 |doi= 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00150-7 |bibcode=2003BCons.109..227K }}</ref> The capture of many species has subsequently been banned but the trade continues illegally. Birds are put in crates or bamboo tubing and conveyed on boats out of Indonesia and the Philippines.<ref name=Cam164>{{Harvnb|Cameron|2007|p=164}}.</ref> Not only are the rare species smuggled out of Indonesia but also common and rare cockatoos alike are smuggled out of Australia; birds are sedated, covered in nylon stockings and packed into [[Polyvinyl chloride#Pipes|PVC tubing]] which is then placed in unaccompanied luggage on international flights.<ref name=Cam164/> Mortality is significant (30%) and eggs, more easily hidden on the bodies of smugglers on flights, are increasingly smuggled instead. Trafficking is thought to be run by organised gangs, who also trade Australian species for overseas species such as macaws coming the other way.<ref name=Cam166>{{Harvnb|Cameron|2007|p=166}}.</ref><!-- cites both previous sentences -->

All species of cockatoo except the cockatiel are protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ([[CITES]]), which restricts import and export of wild-caught parrots to special licensed purposes. Five cockatoo species (including all subspecies)—the Tanimbar corella (''Cacatua goffiniana''), red-vented cockatoo (''Cacatua haematuropygia''), Moluccan cockatoo (''Cacatua moluccensis''), yellow-crested cockatoo (''Cacatua sulphurea'') and palm cockatoo (''Probosciger aterrimus'')—are protected on the CITES Appendix I list. With the exception of the cockatiel, all remaining cockatoo species are protected on the CITES Appendix II list.<ref>CITES (27 April 2011). ''[http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php Appendices I, II and III.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205014647/http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php |date=5 December 2017 }}'' Accessed 8 September 2011</ref>