Editing Cockney (section)

===Spread===
Studies have indicated that the heavy use of [[South East England]] accents on television and radio may have caused the spread of Cockney English since the 1960s.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3531075.stm |title=Soaps may be washing out accent – BBC Scotland |work=BBC News |date=4 March 2004 |access-date=1 October 2010 |archive-date=1 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801043934/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3531075.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="We fink, so we are from Glasgow">{{Cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article1036798.ece |title=We fink, so we are from Glasgow |year=2004 |publisher=Timesonline.co.uk |access-date=21 January 2013 |archive-date=14 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814141539/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article1036798.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Scots kids rabbitin' like Cockneys">{{Cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_/ai_n16503073 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904040650/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_/ai_n16503073 |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 September 2015 |title="Scots kids rabbitin' like Cockneys" – "Sunday Herald" |publisher=Findarticles.com |access-date=21 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="arts.gla.ac.uk">[http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/sesll/EngLang/phonetics/index.html "Contributory factors in accent change in adolescents"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530235558/http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/sesll/EngLang/phonetics/index.html|date=30 May 2008}}.</ref> Cockney is becoming increasingly influential, and some claim that in the future, many features of the accent may become standard.<ref name="rogalinski11">{{Cite book|last=Rogaliński|first=Paweł|title=British Accents: Cockney, RP, Estuary English|year=2011|page=15}}</ref>

====Scotland====
Studies have indicated that working-class adolescents in areas such as [[Glasgow]] have begun to use certain aspects of Cockney and other Anglicisms in their speech.<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20091213155241/http://www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/ViewAwardPage.aspx?AwardId=1892 Is TV a contributory factor in accent change in adolescents?] – ''ESRC Society Today''</ref> infiltrating the traditional [[Glasgow patter]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/571152461.html?did=571152461&FMT=ABS&FMTS=FT&date=Mar%2B4,%2B2004&author=&desc=Cockney%2Bcreep%2Bputs%2Bpaid%2Bto%2Bthe%2Bpatter |title=Cockney creep puts paid to the patter – "Evening Times" |publisher=Pqasb.pqarchiver.com |date=4 March 2004 |access-date=21 January 2013 |archive-date=16 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316042955/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/571152461.html?did=571152461&FMT=ABS&FMTS=FT&date=Mar%2B4,%2B2004&author=&desc=Cockney%2Bcreep%2Bputs%2Bpaid%2Bto%2Bthe%2Bpatter |url-status=dead }}</ref> For example, ''TH''-fronting is commonly found, and typical [[Scottish English|Scottish]] features such as the postvocalic {{IPA|/r/}} are reduced.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117980167/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105064601/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117980167/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 January 2013 |title='Talkin' Jockney'? Variation and change in Glaswegian accent| doi = 10.1111/j.1467-9841.2007.00319.x|date=17 April 2007 |access-date=1 October 2010|volume=11|journal=Journal of Sociolinguistics|pages=221–260|last1 = Stuart-Smith|first1 = Jane|last2 = Timmins|first2 = Claire|last3 = Tweedie|first3 = Fiona|issue = 2|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Research suggests the use of [[English English|English]] speech characteristics is likely to be a result of the influence of London and [[South East England]] accents featuring heavily on television, such as the popular BBC One soap opera ''[[EastEnders]]''.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk" /><ref name="We fink, so we are from Glasgow" /><ref name="Scots kids rabbitin' like Cockneys" /><ref name="arts.gla.ac.uk" /> However, such claims have been criticised.<ref>''A Handbook of Varieties of English'', Volume 1, p. 185.</ref>

====England====
Certain features of Cockney – [[Th-fronting|''Th''-fronting]], [[L-vocalisation|''L''-vocalisation]], [[T-glottalisation|''T''-glottalisation]], and the fronting of the <small>GOAT</small> and <small>GOOSE</small> vowels – have spread across the south-east of England and, to a lesser extent, to other areas of Britain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/przed.pdf|title=Joanna Przedlacka, 2002. Estuary English? Frankfurt: Peter Lang|access-date=21 September 2013|archive-date=20 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920115600/http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/przed.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> However, [[Clive Upton]] has noted that these features have occurred independently in some other dialects, such as TH-fronting in Yorkshire and L-vocalisation in parts of Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Upton |first1=Clive|editor1-first=Lynda |editor1-last=Mugglestone |title=The Oxford History of English|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford|page=395 |chapter=Modern Regional English in the British Isles}}</ref>

The term [[Estuary English]] has been used to describe London pronunciations slightly closer to RP than Cockney. The variety first came to public prominence in an article by David Rosewarne in the ''[[Times Educational Supplement]]'' in October 1984.<ref name=rosewarne>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/estuary/rosew.htm |title=Rosewarne, David (1984). "Estuary English". Times Educational Supplement, 19 (October 1984) |publisher=Phon.ucl.ac.uk |date=1999-05-21 |access-date=2010-08-16 |archive-date=7 March 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307214016/http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/estuary/rosew.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Rosewarne argued that it may eventually replace [[Received Pronunciation]] in the south-east. The phonetician [[John C. Wells]] collected media references to Estuary English on [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/estuary/ a website]. Writing in April 2013, Wells argued that research by Joanna Przedlacka "demolished the claim that EE was a single entity sweeping the southeast. Rather, we have various sound changes emanating from working-class London speech, each spreading independently".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.co.uk/2013/04/estuariality.html |title=estuariality |last1=Wells |first1=John |date=17 April 2013 |access-date=1 June 2014 |archive-date=4 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904040650/http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.co.uk/2013/04/estuariality.html |url-status=live }}</ref>