Editing Controlled burn (section)

==== Canada ====
In the [[Anishinaabe|Anishinaabeg Nation]] around the [[Great Lakes]], fire is a living being that has the power to change landscapes through both destruction and the regrowth and return of life following a fire. Human beings are also inexorably tied to the land they live on as stewards who maintain the ecosystems around them. Because fire can reveal dormant seedlings, it is a land management tool. Fire was a part of the landscapes of [[Ontario]] until early colonial rule restricted indigenous culture in across Canada.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Christianson |first1=Amy Cardinal |last2=Sutherland |first2=Colin Robert |last3=Moola |first3=Faisal |last4=Gonzalez Bautista |first4=Noémie |last5=Young |first5=David |last6=MacDonald |first6=Heather |date=2022-09-01 |title=Centering Indigenous Voices: The Role of Fire in the Boreal Forest of North America |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-022-00168-9 |journal=Current Forestry Reports |language=en |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=257–276 |doi=10.1007/s40725-022-00168-9 |issn=2198-6436 |pmc=9537118 |pmid=36217365|bibcode=2022CForR...8..257C }}</ref> During colonization, large scale forest fires were caused by sparks from railroads and fire was used to clear land for agriculture use. The public perception of forest fires was positive because the cleared land represented taming the wilderness to an urban populace. The conservation movement, which was spearheaded by [[Edmund Zavitz]] in Ontario, caused a ban on all fires, both natural wild fires and intentional fires.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bacher |first=John |title=Two Billion Trees and Counting: The Legacy of Edmund Zavitz |publisher=Dundurn Press |year=2011 |isbn=9781459701113 |publication-date=2011}}</ref>

In the 1970s, [[Parks Canada]] began implementing small prescribed burns however, the scale of wildfires each year outpaces the acreage of land that is intentionally burnt.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Canada – The Impact of Fire-exclusion Legislation  |url=https://www.iawfonline.org/article/canada-the-impact-of-fire-exclusion-legislation/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=International Association of Wildland Fire |language=en-US}}</ref> In the late 1980s, the [[Ministry of Natural Resources (Ontario)|Ministry of Natural Resources]] in Ontario began conducting prescribed burns on forested land which led to the created of a prescribed burn program as well as training and regulation for controlled burns in Ontario.<ref name="pubs.cif-ifc.org"/>

In [[British Columbia]], there was an increase in the intensity and scale of wildfires after local bylaws restricted the use of controlled burns. In 2017, following one of the worst years for wildfire in the province's history, indigenous leadership and public service members wrote an independent report that suggested returning to the traditional use of prescribed burns to manage understory fuel from wildfires.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Abbott |first=George |date=2017 |title=Addressing the New Normal: 21st Century Disaster Management in British Columbia |url=https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/public-safety-and-emergency-services/emergency-preparedness-response-recovery/embc/bc-flood-and-wildfire-review-addressing-the-new-normal-21st-century-disaster-management-in-bc-web.pdf |journal=BC Flood and Wildfire Review}}</ref> The government of British Columbia responded by committing to using controlled burns as a wildfire management tool.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Forests |date=2019-08-12 |title=Prescribed burns reduce wildfire risks {{!}} BC Gov News |url=https://news.gov.bc.ca/factsheets/prescribed-burns-reduce-wildfire-risks |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=news.gov.bc.ca |language=en}}</ref>