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Copper extraction
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====Flash furnace smelting==== In [[flash smelting]], the concentrate is dispersed in an air or oxygen stream and the smelting reactions are largely completed while the mineral particles are still in flight.<ref name="Mackey1983"/> The reacted particles then settle in a bath at the bottom of the furnace, where they behave like calcine in a reverberatory furnace.<ref name="Flash">W G Davenport, M King, M Schlesinger and A K Biswas, ''Extractive Metallurgy of Copper, Fourth Edition'' (Elsevier Science Limited: Kidlington, Oxford, England, 2002), pp. 73β102.</ref> A slag layer forms on top of the matte layer, and they can separately be tapped from the furnace.<ref name="Flash"/>
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