Editing Decentralization (section)

=== Libertarian socialism ===

[[File:Portrait of Pierre Joseph Proudhon 1865.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pierre Joseph Proudhon]], [[anarchist]] theorist who advocated for a decentralist non-state system which he called "federalism"<ref>Binkley, Robert C. Realism and Nationalism 1852–1871. Read Books. p. 118</ref>]]
[[Libertarian socialism]] is a [[political philosophy]] that promotes a non-hierarchical, non-bureaucratic society without [[private property|private ownership]] in the [[means of production]]. Libertarian socialists believe in converting present-day private [[productive property]] into [[the commons|common]] or [[public goods]].<ref name="theanarchistlibrary.org">"The revolution abolishes private ownership of the means of production and distribution, and with it goes capitalistic business. Personal possession remains only in the things you use. Thus, your watch is your own, but the watch factory belongs to the people."[http://www.revoltlib.com/?id=1138] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523195452/http://theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Alexander_Berkman__What_Is_Communist_Anarchism_.html|date=23 May 2012}} [[Alexander Berkman]]. "[[Now and After|What Is Communist Anarchism?]]" {{Cite book |url=http://theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Alexander_Berkman__What_Is_Communist_Anarchism_.html |title=What is Communist Anarchism? |access-date=5 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523195452/http://theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Alexander_Berkman__What_Is_Communist_Anarchism_.html |archive-date=23 May 2012 |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> It promotes [[Free association (communism and anarchism)|free association]] in place of government, non-coercive forms for social organization, and opposes the various social relations of capitalism, such as [[wage slavery]].<ref>As [[Noam Chomsky]] put it, a consistent libertarian "must oppose [[Private property|private ownership of the means of production]] and the [[wage slavery]], which is a component of this system, as incompatible with the principle that labor must be freely undertaken and under the control of the producer". Chomsky (2003) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y75K660UfzsC&pg=PA26 p. 26] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505182237/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y75K660UfzsC&pg=PA26 |date=2016-05-05 }}</ref> The term ''libertarian socialism'' is used by some socialists to differentiate their philosophy from [[state socialism]],<ref>Paul Zarembka. Transitions in Latin America and in Poland and Syria. Emerald Group Publishing, 2007. p. 25</ref><ref>Guerin, Daniel. ''Anarchism: A Matter of Words'': "Some contemporary anarchists have tried to clear up the misunderstanding by adopting a more explicit term: they align themselves with libertarian socialism or communism." Faatz, Chris, ''Towards a Libertarian Socialism''.</ref> and by some as a synonym for [[left anarchism]].<ref name="Ostergaard 1991. p. 21">[[Geoffrey Ostergaard|Ostergaard, Geoffrey]]. "Anarchism". ''A Dictionary of Marxist Thought''. Blackwell Publishing, 1991. p. 21.</ref><ref name="Noam Chomsky 2004, p. 739">Chomsky (2004) p. 739</ref><ref>Ross, Jeffery Ian. [https://books.google.com/books?id=hX412xS2mkoC ''Controlling State Crime''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222242/http://books.google.com/books?id=hX412xS2mkoC&printsec=frontcover |date=2015-03-18 }}, Transaction Publishers (2000) p. 400 {{ISBN|0-7658-0695-9}}</ref>

Accordingly, libertarian socialists believe that "the exercise of [[Power (philosophy)|power]] in any institutionalized form – whether economic, political, religious, or sexual – brutalizes both the wielder of power and the one over whom it is exercised".<ref>{{cite book | last=Ackelsberg | first=Martha A. |author-link=Martha Ackelsberg | title=[[Free Women of Spain: Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women]] | page=41 | year=2005 | publisher=[[AK Press]] | isbn=978-1902593968}}</ref> Libertarian socialists generally place their hopes in decentralized means of [[direct democracy]] such as [[libertarian municipalism]], citizens' assemblies, or [[workers' council]]s.<ref>{{cite book | last=Rocker | first=Rudolf | title=Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice | page=65 | year=2004 | publisher=[[AK Press]] | isbn=978-1902593920 }}</ref> Libertarian socialists are strongly critical of coercive institutions, which often leads them to reject the legitimacy of the state in favor of anarchism.<ref>Spiegel, Henry. ''The Growth of Economic Thought'' Duke University Press (1991) p. 446</ref> Adherents propose achieving this through decentralization of political and economic power, usually involving the socialization of most large-scale [[private property]] and enterprise (while retaining respect for [[personal property]]). Libertarian socialism tends to deny the legitimacy of most forms of economically significant private property, viewing capitalist property relations as forms of domination that are antagonistic to individual freedom.<ref>Paul, Ellen Frankel et al. ''Problems of Market Liberalism'' Cambridge University Press (1998) p. 305</ref><!-- can expand re Pi i Margall's Proudhonian Cantonal rebellion -->