Editing Demographic transition (section)

===Asia===
McNicoll (2006) examines the common features behind the striking changes in health and fertility in East and Southeast Asia in the 1960s–1990s, focusing on seven countries: Taiwan and South Korea ("tiger" economies), Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia ("second wave" countries), and China and Vietnam ("market-Leninist" economies). Demographic change can be seen as a by-product of social and economic development and, in some cases, accompanied by strong government pressure. An effective, often authoritarian, local administrative system can provide a framework for promotion and services in health, education, and family planning. [[Economic liberalization]] increased economic opportunities and risks for individuals, while also increasing the price and often reducing the quality of these services, all affecting demographic trends.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McNicoll |first=Geoffrey |date=2006 |title=Policy lessons of the East Asian demographic transition |doi=10.31899/pgy2.1041 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

====India====
Goli and Arokiasamy (2013) indicate that India has a sustainable demographic transition beginning in the mid-1960s and a fertility transition beginning in post-1965.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Goli |first1=Srinivas |last2=Arokiasamy |first2=Perianayagam |date=2013-10-18 |editor-last=Schooling |editor-first=C. Mary |title=Demographic Transition in India: An Evolutionary Interpretation of Population and Health Trends Using 'Change-Point Analysis' |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=8 |issue=10 |pages=e76404 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0076404 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=3799745 |pmid=24204621|bibcode=2013PLoSO...876404G |doi-access=free }}</ref> As of 2013, India is in the later half of the third stage of the demographic transition, with a population of 1.23 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.scribd.com/doc/59771739/THE-ARTHEMETICS-OF-INDIAN-POPULATION |title= The arithmetic's of Indian population|access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref> It is nearly 40 years behind in the demographic transition process compared to [[EU countries]], [[Japan]], etc. The present demographic transition stage of India along with its higher population base will yield a rich [[demographic dividend]] in future decades.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.scribd.com/doc/58789334/India-vs-USA-vs-China-vs-World|title=India vs China vs USA vs World|access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref>

====Korea====
Cha (2007) analyzes a panel data set to explore how industrial revolution, demographic transition, and human [[capital accumulation]] interacted in Korea from 1916 to 1938. Income growth and public investment in health caused mortality to fall, which suppressed fertility and promoted education. Industrialization, skill premium, and closing gender wage gap further induced parents to opt for child quality. Expanding demand for education was accommodated by an active public school building program. The interwar agricultural depression aggravated traditional income inequality, raising fertility and impeding the spread of mass schooling. Landlordism collapsed in the wake of de-colonization, and the consequent reduction in inequality accelerated human and physical capital accumulation, hence leading to growth in South Korea.<ref>{{Citation | last = Myung | first = Soo Cha | title = Industrial Revolution, Demographic Transition, and Human Capital Accumulation in Korea, 1916–38 | publisher = Naksungdae Institute of Economic Research | type = working Paper | date = July 2007 | url = http://www.naksung.re.kr/papers/wp2007-7.pdf | place = KR}}.</ref>

====China====
China experienced a demographic transition with high death rate and low fertility rate from 1959 to 1961 due to the great famine.<ref name=":3" /> However, as a result of the economic improvement, the birth rate increased and mortality rate declined in China before the early 1970s.<ref name=":4" /> In the 1970s, China's birth rate fell at an unprecedented rate, which had not been experienced by any other population in a comparable time span. The birth rate fell from 6.6 births per women before 1970 to 2.2 births per women in 1980.The rapid fertility decline in China was caused by government policy: in particular the "later, longer, fewer" policy of the early 1970s and in the late 1970s the one-child policy was also enacted which highly influence China demographic transition.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=John|first1=Bongaarts|last2=Susan|first2=Greenhalgh|date=1985|title=An alternative to the One-Child Policy in China|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1973456|journal=Population and Development Review|volume=11|issue=4|pages=585–617|doi=10.2307/1973456 |jstor=1973456 }}</ref> As the demographic dividend gradually disappeared, the government abandoned the one-child policy in 2011 and fully lifted the two-child policy from 2015.The two-child policy has had some positive effects on the fertility which causes fertility constantly to increase until 2018.However fertility started to decline after 2018 and meanwhile there was no significant change in mortality in recent 30 years.