Editing Dnipro (section)

==== Stalin-era industrialisation ====
[[File:Katerinoslav1922.jpg|thumb|The boy on the left murdered an 8-year-old for his 4 pounds of bread in Yekaterinoslav in 1922, during the [[1921–1923 famine in Ukraine|local 1921–1923 famine]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Roman Serb|title=Photos about Ukrainian Hunger 1921–1923|url=http://ukrlife.org/main/evshan/famine.htm|website=Ukrainian life in Sevastopol|access-date=2 November 2022|language=Ukrainian}}</ref>]]
In late May 1920 the food supply to Yekaterinoslav deteriorated, resulting in a wave of strikes.<ref name="article85Storazhenko"/> In June 1920 Soviet authorities quelled one such protest by arresting 200 railway workers, of which 51 were sentenced to immediate execution.<ref name="article85Storazhenko"/>

In 1922 the region was incorporated into the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian SSR]], a constituent republic of the [[Soviet Union]]. In 1922 the [[Soviet government]] ordered that "all nationalized enterprises with names related to the Company or the Surname of the old owners must be renamed in memory of [[Russian Revolution|revolutionary events]], in memory of [[Political international|the international]], [[all-Russian]] or local leaders of the [[proletarian revolution]]."<ref name="streetsarticle98Markova"/> In 1922 and 1923 the factories were renamed, as well as dozens of streets, alleys, driveways, squares and parks.<ref name="streetsarticle98Markova"/> In 1923 the city council adopted a resolution to organize a competition to rename the city itself.<ref name="streetsarticle98Markova"/>

In 1924 a Provincial [[Congress of Soviets]] adopted a resolution on renaming the city of Yekaterinoslav to the city of Krasnodniprovsk (and [[Yekaterinoslav Governorate]] to Krasnodniprovsk). Following this, many organizations and institutions began to name Yekaterinoslav Krasnodniprovsk in official documents, only to be reminded in the press that the renaming of settlements could only be decided by the [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet]].<ref name="streetsarticle98Markova"/> In 1926 a provisional District [[Congress of Soviets|Congress of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies]] adopted a resolution on renaming Yekaterinoslav to the name Dnipropetrovsk in honour of the [[All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets]]'s chairman of the [[All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee]], [[Grigory Petrovsky]].<ref name="Petrovsky">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8380433.stm Ukraine tears down controversial statue], by Rostyslav Khotin, [[BBC News]] (27 November 2009)<br />[http://unian.net/eng/news/news-349100.html Same article on UNIAN.]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=leloAAAAMAAJ&q=The+city+was+renamed+Dnepropetrovsk+in+1926, The Kravchenko Case: One Man's War Against Stalin] by Gary Kern, Enigma Books, 2007, {{ISBN|978-1-929631-73-5}}, page 191</ref><ref name="streetsarticle98Markova"/>

Petrovsky was present at this congress and he did "accept this honour with great gratitude."<ref name="streetsarticle98Markova"/> The resolution of the congress was approved by a resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet dated 20 July 1926.<ref name="streetsarticle98Markova"/> In the [[1920s]] and [[1930s]] dozens of streets, alleys, driveways, squares and parks [[Sovietization|continued to be renamed]] in the city, this continued in the [[1940s]] and in subsequent years.<ref name="streetsarticle98Markova"/>
[[File:Зимовий театр.jpg|thumb|[[Dnipro Academic Drama and Comedy Theatre]] was constructed during the Stalinist period.]]
By 1927 the industry of Dnipropetrovsk was completely rebuilt, and according to some indicators exceeded pre-war levels.<ref name="article85Storazhenko"/> Due to agrarian overpopulation, an influx of unemployed from other settlements, a higher birth rates among other reasons, both employment and unemployment in Dnipropetrovsk rose.<ref name="article85Storazhenko"/> In the late twenties, the authorities had to contend with growing labour unrest. "Do not strangle us, our children are dying of hunger, we have been placed in worse conditions than under the old regime" read one protest.<ref>{{Cite book |last=A |first=Erdogan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LkNtEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA251 |title=Transcripts from the Soviet Archives Volume VII 1927 |publisher=Erdogan A |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-329-49087-1 |pages=251 |language=en}}</ref>

The city figured prominently in [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]]'s [[Five-year plans of the Soviet Union|Five-Year Plans]] for industrialisation. In 1932, Dnipropetrovsk's regional metallurgical plants produced 20 per cent of the entire cast iron and 25 per cent of the steel manufactured in the Ukrainian SSR. By the end of the thirties the Dnipropetrovsk region became the most urbanised of Soviet Ukraine with more than 2,273,000 people living in the region and over half a million in the city proper. Dnipropetrovsk became an important cultural and educational centre with ten colleges and a State University.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sergei |first=Zhuk |date=21 January 2022 |title=Communist Party Politics, Rockets and Komsomol Business in Soviet Dnipropetrovsk |url=https://www.e-ir.info/2022/01/21/communist-party-politics-rockets-and-komsomol-business-in-soviet-dnipropetrovsk/ |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=E-International Relations |language=en-US}}</ref>

The surrounding countryside was devastated by the policy of [[Collectivization in the Soviet Union|forced collectivisation]] and grain seizures. Peasants had died en masse during the [[Holodomor]] of 1932–33.<ref>Boriak, Hennadii. 2009. ''Sources for the Study of the 'Great Famine' in Ukraine''. Cambridge, MA.</ref> [[Dnipropetrovsk Oblast]] in the years 1932–33 lost 3.5 to 9.8&nbsp;million people,<ref name="Kocherhinarticle1374">{{cite web |author=Ihor Kocherhin|title=Famine 1932–1933 in Dnipropetrovshchyna|url=https://gorod.dp.ua/history/article_ua.php?article=1374|website=gorod.dp.ua|access-date=2 November 2022|language=Ukrainian}}</ref> making it one of the most affected areas of the famine.<ref name="Kocherhinarticle1374"/>

Drawn by employment in the expanding heavy industry, the survivors changed the ethnic composition of the city. The percentage of residents recorded as Ukrainian rose from 36 per cent of the population in 1926 to 54.6 per cent in 1939. The Russian percentage fell from 31.6 to 23.4, and the Jewish share fell from 26.8 to 17.9.<ref name="census1926" /><ref name=":1" /> The city's population during the [[Interwar period]] grew rapidly. 368,000 people lived in Dnipropetrovsk in 1932. In the [[Soviet Census (1939)|1939 Soviet Census]], this number had grown to more than half a million (500,662 people).<ref name="article85Storazhenko"/>

Soviet [[Ukrainization]] and [[Korenizatsiya]] were implemented in Dnipropetrovsk.<ref name="article85Storazhenko"/> The [[Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)|Communist party of Ukraine]] organized special courses in Ukrainian studies.<ref name="article85Storazhenko"/> Soviet authorities greatly increased the number of schools, and by the mid-[[1930s]] had eradicate illiteracy in the city.<ref name="article85Storazhenko"/> New universities were opened.<ref name="article225DniArch">{{cite web |title=Historical and urban development reference Dnipropetrovsk|url=https://gorod.dp.ua/history/article_ua.php?article=225|website=gorod.dp.ua|access-date=2 November 2022|language=Ukrainian}}</ref> At the end of the 1930s Dnipropetrovsk had 10 higher and 19 special educational institutions.<ref name="article225DniArch"/> In the 1930s a significant number of new secondary schools and hospitals were built in the city, and city parks were improved.<ref name="article225DniArch"/>

The [[Great Purge]], following the [[Assassination of Sergei Kirov]], also reached Dnipropetrovsk.<ref name="article85Storazhenko"/> In 1935 the Dnipropetrovsk [[NKVD]] arrested 182 "[[Trotskyists]]".<ref name="article85Storazhenko"/> In 1935, 235 alleged "internal enemies" were executed, including a few university rectors.<ref name="article85Storazhenko"/> In 1936, 526 people were executed.<ref name="article85Storazhenko"/> In 1937, the regional administration of the NKVD killed 16,421 people.<ref name="article85Storazhenko"/>