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East Java
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=== Ethnic and linguistic composition === {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = Ethnic Groups in East Java<ref name=census2010>{{Cite web |url=http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf |title=Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, Bahasa, 2010 (PDF) |access-date=15 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712140438/http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |label1 = [[Javanese people|Javanese]] |value1 = 80.69 |color1 = Violet |label2 = [[Madurese people|Madurese]] |value2 = 17.53 |color2 = DarkRed |label3 = [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]] |value3 = 0.66 |color3 = Red |label4 = Others |value4 = 1.12 |color4 = Black }} Besides the national language ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]), the people of East Java predominantly use the [[Javanese language|Javanese]] in daily life. Javanese as spoken in the western part of East Java (''Kulonan'') is a similar dialect to the one spoken in [[Central Java]], with its hierarchy of high, medium, and low registers. In the eastern part, such as Surabaya, Malang, and others, a more egalitarian version of Javanese is spoken, with less regard of hierarchy and a richer vocabulary for vulgarity. The dialect is notable for its roughness compared to other dialects spoken elsewhere in Java (especially the Mataram dialect spoken around [[Surakarta]] and [[Yogyakarta]], which is renowned for its smoothness) and contributes to the stereotype among Javanese people of East Javanese being "blunt" and "loud".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hipwee.com/hiburan/serba-serbi-kehidupan-yang-dialami-oleh-arek-arek-jowo-timur/ |title=Serba-Serbi Kehidupan yang Cuma Dialami Oleh Arek-Arek Jowo Timur |last=Karina |first=Ernia |date=2015-09-17 |work=Hipwee |access-date=2018-09-26 |language=id-ID |archive-date=26 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926205725/https://www.hipwee.com/hiburan/serba-serbi-kehidupan-yang-dialami-oleh-arek-arek-jowo-timur/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Variants of Javanese are also used by Osing and Tengger minorities, the former utilizing a [[Balinese language|Balinese]]-influenced Javanese by virtue of its closeness with Bali island, and the latter speaking an archaic form of the language that retains many features now lost in other more-innovative Javanese dialects.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=213 |title=Profile of |last=Project |first=UCLA Language Materials |date=1600-12-31 |language=en|access-date=2018-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230065855/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=213|archive-date=2010-12-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other than Javanese, minority language includes [[Madurese language|Madurese]], spoken by around 4 million ethnic Madurese people inhabiting the [[Madura Island]]s; though they live practically next door with the Javanese, the language is actually more closer genetically to Balinese, and [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Madurese-language |title=Madurese language |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2018-09-26 |language=en |archive-date=26 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926210011/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Madurese-language |url-status=live }}</ref>
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