Editing Endonym and exonym (section)

=== Hanyu Pinyin ===
{{see also|Chinese language romanization in Taiwan|Chinese language romanisation in Singapore}}
Following the 1979 declaration of [[Hanyu Pinyin]] spelling as the standard [[romanisation of Chinese]], many Chinese endonyms have successfully replaced English exonyms,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Eighth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names Berlin, 27 August-5 September 2002 |date=2003 |publisher=United Nations |isbn=92-1-100915-4 |location=New York |oclc=52095159}}</ref> especially city and most provincial names in [[mainland China]], for example: [[Beijing]] ({{lang-zh|c=北京|s=|t=|p=Běijīng|labels=no}}), [[Qingdao]] (''{{lang-zh|c=青岛|s=|t=|p=Qīngdǎo|labels=no}}''), and the province of [[Guangdong]] (''{{lang-zh|c=广东|s=|t=|p=Guǎngdōng|labels=no}}''). However, older English exonyms are sometimes used in certain contexts, for example: Peking (Beijing; [[Peking duck|duck]], [[Peking opera|opera]], etc.), Tsingtao (Qingdao), and Canton (Guangdong). In some cases the traditional English exonym is based on a local [[Chinese variety]] instead of [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]], in the case of [[Xiamen]], where the name Amoy is closer to the [[Hokkien]] pronunciation.

In the case of ''Beijing'', the adoption of the exonym by media outlets quickly gave rise to a [[hyperforeignism|hyperforeignised]] pronunciation, with the result that many English speakers actualize the ''j'' in ''Beijing'' as {{IPAc-en|ʒ}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lima |first=Susan D. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/746747262 |title=The Reality of Linguistic Rules. |date=1994 |publisher=John Benjamins Pub. Co |isbn=978-90-272-8203-3 |editor-last=Corrigan |editor-first=Roberta |location=Amsterdam/Philadelphia |page=80 |oclc=746747262 |editor-last2=Iverson |editor-first2=Gregory K.}}</ref> One exception of Pinyin standardization in mainland China is the spelling of the province [[Shaanxi]], which is the mixed [[Gwoyeu Romatzyh]]–Pinyin spelling of the province. That is because if Pinyin were used to spell the province, it would be indistinguishable from its neighboring province [[Shanxi]], where the pronunciations of the two provinces only differ by tones, which are usually not written down when used in English.

In Taiwan, however, the standardization of Hanyu Pinyin has only seen mixed results. In [[Taipei]], most (but not all) street and district names shifted to Hanyu Pinyin. For example, the Sinyi District is now spelled [[Xinyi District, Taipei|Xinyi]]. However, districts like [[Tamsui District|Tamsui]] and even Taipei itself are not spelled according to Hanyu Pinyin spelling rules. As a matter of fact, most names of Taiwanese cities are still spelled using [[Chinese postal romanization]], including [[Taipei]], [[Taichung]], [[Taitung City|Taitung]], [[Keelung]], and [[Kaohsiung]].

During the 1980s, the Singapore Government encouraged the use of Hanyu Pinyin spelling for place names, especially those with Teochew, Hokkien or Cantonese names, as part of the [[Speak Mandarin Campaign]] to promote Mandarin and discourage the use of dialects. For example, the area of Nee Soon, named after [[Teochew people|Teochew]]-Peranakan businessman [[Lim Nee Soon]] (Hanyu Pinyin: Lín Yìshùn) became Yishun and the neighbourhood schools and places established following the change used the Hanyu Pinyin spelling. In contrast, [[Hougang]] is the Hanyu Pinyin spelling but the Hokkien pronunciation ''au-kang'' is most commonly used.<ref>{{cite book|title=Toponymics: A Study of Singapore Street Names|last1= Savage|first1=Victor R.|last2=Yeoh |first2=Brenda S.|edition=3rd|year=2013|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|isbn=9789814408356}}</ref> The changes to Hanyu Pinyin were not only financially costly but were unpopular with the locals, who opined that the Hanyu Pinyin versions were too difficult for non-Chinese or non-Mandarin speakers to pronounce. The government eventually stopped the changes by the 1990s, which has led to some place names within a locality having differing spellings. For example, Nee Soon Road and the [[Singapore Armed Forces]] base Nee Soon Camp are both located in Yishun but retained the old spelling.<ref>Yeh, Yun-Tsui. (2013) "[https://www.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/files/publish/1217_ff4a4d61.pdf Erased Place Names" and Nation-building: A Case Study of Singaporean Toponyms]". ''[[Sociology (journal)|Sociology]]''.</ref>