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Fall of man
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==Literature and art== [[File:God judging adam blake 1795.jpg|thumb|275px|[[William Blake]]'s color printing of ''God Judging Adam'' original composed in 1795. This print is currently held by the [[Tate Collection]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.blakearchive.org/exist/blake/archive/object.xq?objectid=but294.1.cprint.01&vg=cpd&vcontext=cpd&java=no | title = God Judging Adam, object 1 (Butlin 294) "God Judging Adam"|publisher = [[William Blake Archive]]| access-date = October 27, 2013|editor= Morris Eaves |editor2=Robert N. Essick |editor3=Joseph Viscomi}}</ref> In the biblical story, God's judgement results in the fall of man.]] The fall of man has been depicted many times in art, including in Albrecht Dürer's ''[[Adam and Eve (Dürer)|Adam and Eve]]'' (1504) and Titian's ''[[The Fall of Man (Titian)|The Fall of Man]]'' ({{circa}} 1550).<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Fall of Man |author= |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |date= |access-date=2 December 2024 |url= https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fall-of-Man}}</ref> In [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]'' (1599), the King describes the betrayal of Lord Scroop – a friend since childhood – as being "like another fall of man", referring to the loss of his own faith and innocence the treason has caused. In the novel ''[[Perelandra]]'' (1943) by [[C. S. Lewis]], the theme of the fall is explored in the context of a new [[Garden of Eden]] with a new, green-skinned [[Adam and Eve]] on the planet Venus, and with the protagonist {{endash}} the Cambridge scholar Dr. Ransom {{endash}} transported there and given the mission of thwarting [[Satan]] and preventing a new fall. In the novel ''[[The Fall (Albert Camus novel)|The Fall]]'' (1956) by [[Albert Camus]], the theme of the fall is enunciated through the first-person account given in post-war Amsterdam, in a bar called "Mexico City." Confessing to an acquaintance, the protagonist, Jean-Baptiste Clamence, describes the haunting consequence of his refusal to rescue a woman who had jumped from a bridge to her death. The dilemmas of modern Western conscience and the sacramental themes of baptism and grace are explored. [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] included as a note to his comments about the ''Dialogue of Finrod and Andreth'' (published posthumously in 1993) the Tale of Adanel that is a reimagining of the fall of man inside his [[Middle-earth]]'s mythos. The story presented Melkor seducing the first Men by making them worship him instead of Eru Ilúvatar, leading to the loss of the "Edenic" condition of the human race. The story is part of ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]''. In both [[Daniel Quinn]]'s ''[[Ishmael (Quinn novel)|Ishmael]]'' (1992) and ''[[The Story of B]]'' (1996) novels, it is proposed that the story of the fall of man was first thought up by another culture watching the development of the now-dominant [[totalitarian agriculture|totalitarian agriculturalist]] culture. In [[Philip Pullman]]'s ''[[His Dark Materials]]'' series (1995, 1997, 2000), the fall is presented in a positive light, as it is the moment at which human beings achieve self-awareness, knowledge, and freedom. Pullman believes that it is not worth being innocent if the price is ignorance. The novel ''[[Lord of the Flies]]'' explores the fall of man. The storyline depicts young, innocent children who turn into savages when they are stranded on a [[desert island]]. ''Lord of the Flies'' was originally named ''Strangers from Within'', also showing his views of human nature. The theme is also frequently depicted in historical European art. [[Lucas van Leyden]], a Dutch engraver and painter during the Renaissance period, created several different woodcuts featuring Adam and Eve (two were part of his ''Power of Women'' series).
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