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Ford FE engine
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===Generation 2=== {{expand section|what distinguishes the Generation 2 engine from the Generation 1; the subject is completely unaddressed|date=March 2024}} ====406==== [[File:Ford 406 TriPower.jpg|thumb|right|406 with TriPower intake and carbs, on a [[Ford Galaxie]]]] The 406 engine was introduced in 1962 and only lasted till 1963, giving way to the 427. It used a new {{convert|4.13|in|mm|2|adj=on}} bore with the 390's {{convert|3.785|in|mm|2|adj=on}} stroke, giving a displacement of {{cvt|405.7|cuin|L|1}}, rounded up to "406" for the official designation. The larger bore required a new block casting design allowing for thicker walls, but otherwise was very similar to the 390 block.<ref>''Clarke'', p. 11</ref> Testing of the 406, with its higher power levels, led to cross-bolted mains β that is, main bearing caps that were secured not only by bolts at each end coming up from beneath, but also by bolts coming in from the sides through the block. A custom fit spacer was used between the cap and the block face. This design prevented the main bearing caps from "walking" under extreme racing conditions, and can be found today in many of the most powerful and modern engines from many manufacturers. =====406 engine configurations and applications===== * 4V, 11.4:1 β {{convert|385|hp|kW}} at 5800 rpm and {{cvt|444|lbft|N.m}} at 3400 rpm ** 1962β1963 Ford ** 1963 Mercury * 3x2V, 11.4:1 β {{convert|405|hp|kW}} at 5800 rpm and {{cvt|448|lbft|N.m}} at 3500 rpm ** 1962 Ford * 3x2V, 12.1:1 β {{convert|405|hp|kW}} at 5800 rpm and {{cvt|448|lbft|N.m}} at 3500 rpm ** 1963 Ford, Mercury {{clear}} ====410==== The '''410''' engine, used in 1966 and 1967 [[Mercury (automobile)|Mercurys]] (see [[Ford MEL engine]] regarding 1958 senior series Edsels), used the same {{cvt|4.05|in|mm|2}} bore as the 390 engine, but with the 428's {{cvt|3.98|in|mm|2}} stroke, giving a {{cvt|410.1|cuin|L|1}} real displacement. The standard 428 crankshaft was used, which meant that the 410, like the 428, used external balancing. A [[compression ratio]] of 10.5:1 was standard. =====410 engine configurations and applications===== * 4V, 10.5:1 β {{convert|330|hp|kW}} at 4600 rpm and {{cvt|444|lbft|N.m}} at 2800 rpm ** 1966β1967 Mercury {{clear}} ====427==== [[File:1966 Ford Galaxie XL convertible 427 engine.JPG|thumb|427 FE V8 in a 1966 [[Ford Galaxie|Galaxie XL]]]] [[File:FE tunnelport intake pushrod tubes.jpg|thumb|Tunnelport intake showing the brass tubes for the [[pushrod]]s to pass through]] The ''427'' V8 was introduced in 1963 as a "top-oiler", changed to a side-oiler in 1965. Despite the "427" designation, its true displacement was {{cvt|425.98|cuin|cc|0}}. The stroke was the same as the 390 at {{convert|3.785|in|mm|2}}, but the bore was increased to {{convert|4.232|in|mm|2}}. The block was made of cast iron with a specially thickened deck to withstand higher compression. The cylinders were cast using cloverleaf moldsβ the corners were thicker all down the wall of each cylinder. Many 427s used a steel crankshaft, and all were balanced internally. Most 427s used solid valve lifters, with the exception of the 1968 block, which had oil passages drilled for hydraulic lifters. Higher flow heads were available with matching "tunnel port" intake manifolds, which routed pushrods through the intake's ports in brass tubes. As an engine designed for racing, it had many performance parts available both from the factory and the aftermarket. This engine was also used in the A/FX-cars like the famous [[Fairlane Thunderbolt]]. Two different 427 blocks were produced, the initial 1963 ''top oiler'' and starting in 1965 a ''side oiler''. The top oiler delivered oil to the cam and valvetrain first and the crank second; the side oiler sent oil to the crank first and the cam and valvetrain second. This was similar to the oiling design from the earlier [[Ford Y-block engine|Y-block]]. The engine was available with low-rise, medium-rise, or high-rise manifolds, and either single or double four-barrel carburetors on an aluminum intake.{{clarify span|text=matched to corresponding head design|reason=A reliable citation establishing that three different *head* heights were produced needs to be provided (not just different height intake manifolds).|date=June 2024}} Ford never released an official power rating. The side-oiler-powered Ford [[Ford GT40#Mk II|GT40 MkIIs]] to a 1-2-3 finish in the 1966 [[24 Hours of Le Mans]],<ref>[https://www.hagerty.com/media/buying-and-selling/ford-v-ferrari-gt40-hero-car-mecum-auction/ Ford v Ferrari GT40 hero car headed to Mecum auction]</ref> and the winner's podium in 1967.<ref>[https://www.rcnmag.com/blog/whats-so-special-about-the-side-oiler What's So Special About the Side-Oiler? Race Car Network Magazine], Don Larson, March 7, 2018</ref> =====427 engine configurations and applications===== * Low-riser intake, 4V ** 10.9:1 β {{convert|390|hp|kW}} at 5600 rpm and {{cvt|460|lbft|N.m}} at 3200 rpm *** 1968 Mercury Cougar GT-E only (it was to be offered in the Ford Mustang, according to early press releases, but there are no records or verification of any factory 427 Mustangs). In the spring of 1968, the 428 Cobra Jet officially replaced the 427; however, leftover 427s were installed until late June of that year, when stocks were depleted. ** 11.6:1 β {{cvt|410|hp|PS kW|0}} at 5600 rpm and {{cvt|476|lbft|Nm|0}} at 3400 rpm *** 1963β1964 Ford *** 1963β1964 Mercury * Low-riser intake, 2x4V ** 12:1 β {{convert|425|hp|kW}} at 6000 rpm and {{cvt|480|lbft|Nm|0}} at 3700 rpm *** 1964 [[Ford Fairlane Thunderbolt]], Mercury: * High-riser intake, 2x4V ** 13.6:1 β {{convert|+550|hp|kW}} at 7000 rpm and {{cvt|480|lbft|Nm|0}} at 4700 rpm<!--These uncited horsepower and torque ratings are nowhere remotely close to those given at the Fairlane article describing the R-Code engine.--> *** 1966β1967 [[Ford Fairlane (Americas)#Fifth generation (1966β1967)|Ford Fairlane 500 "R-Code"]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1966/799085/ford_fairlane_500_hardtop_427_r-code_v-8.html|website=automobile-catalog.com|title=1966 Ford Fairlane 500 Hardtop 427 R-Code V-8|access-date=June 23, 2018}}</ref> Mercury * Mid-riser intake, 4V ** 11.0:1 β {{convert|410|hp|kW}} at 5600 rpm and {{cvt|476|lbft|Nm|0}} at 3400 rpm *** 1965β1967 Ford *** 1965β1967 Mercury * Mid-riser intake, two 4-barrel [[Holley Performance Products|Holley]] 780 [[Cubic foot#Cubic foot per minute|CFM]] [[carburetor]] ** 11.5:1 β {{cvt|425|hp|PS kW|0}} at 6000 rpm and {{cvt|480|lbft|Nm|0}} at 3700 rpm *** 1965β1967 Ford *** 1965β1967 Mercury *** [[AC Cobra#Cobra 427|1965β1967 Shelby Cobra 427]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecarsource.com/shelby/cobra/cobraspecs.shtml|website=thecarsource.com|title=Cobra Specifications|access-date=June 23, 2018}}</ref> {{clear}} =====427 SOHC "Cammer"===== [[File:Ford 427 Cammer engine no. 003.jpg|thumb|A 427 Cammer once used by Ford's "X-Garage" skunkworks]] [[File:Wiki 66 SOHC timing chain and cam.jpg|thumb|Ford's 427 cu in/7.0 L ''Cammer'' SOHC hemi-head V8 showing cam, rockers and timing chains]] The Ford [[Overhead camshaft#Single overhead camshaft|single overhead cam (SOHC)]] 427 V8 engine, familiarly known as the "Cammer",<ref name="Scale">''Scale Auto'', 6/06, p.15 sidebar.</ref> was released in 1964 in an effort to maintain [[NASCAR]] dominance by seeking to counter the enormously large block [[Chrysler Hemi engine|Chrysler 426 Hemi "elephant" engine]]. The Ford 427 block was closer dimensionally to the smaller 392 cu. in. first generation Chrysler [[Chrysler Hemi engine#First Generation Chrysler Hemi: FirePower|FirePower Hemi]]; the Ford FE's bore spacing was {{cvt|4.63|in|mm|1}} compared to the Chrysler 392's {{cvt|4.5625|in|mm|1}}. The Ford FE's deck height of {{cvt|10.17|in|mm|1}} was lower than that of the Chrysler 392 at {{cvt|10.87|in|mm|1}}. For comparison, the 426 Hemi has a deck height of {{cvt|10.72|in|mm|1}} and bore spacing of {{cvt|4.8|in|mm|1}}; both Chrysler Hemis have decks more than {{cvt|0.5|in|mm|1}} taller than the FE. The engine was based on the high performance 427 side-oiler block, providing race-proven durability. The block and associated parts were largely unchanged, but an idler shaft replaced the [[camshaft]] in the block, which necessitated plugging the remaining camshaft [[Bearing (mechanical)|bearing]] oiling holes. The cast-iron heads were designed with [[hemi engine|hemispherical]] [[combustion chamber]]s and a single [[overhead camshaft]] over each head, operating shaft-mounted roller [[rocker arm]]s. The [[Poppet valve|valvetrain]] consisted of valves larger than those on Ford [[Ford small block engine|wedge head]] engines, made out of [[stainless steel]] and with [[sodium]]-filled [[exhaust valve]]s to prevent the valve heads from burning, and dual [[valve spring]]s. This design allowed for high [[volumetric efficiency]] at high engine speed. The [[Wikt:Idler|idler shaft]] in the block in place of the camshaft was driven by the [[timing chain]] and drove the [[distributor]] and [[oil pump (internal combustion engine)|oil pump]] in conventional fashion. An additional sprocket on this shaft drove a second "serpentine" timing chain, {{cvt|6|ft|m|1}} long, which drove both overhead camshafts. The length of this chain made precision timing of the camshafts an issue at high RPM. The engine also had a dual-[[contact breaker|point]] distributor with a transistorized ignition amplifier system, running 12 [[ampere|amp]]s of current through a high-output [[ignition coil]]. The engines were essentially hand-built for racing, with combustion chambers fully machined to reduce variability. Nevertheless, Ford recommended [[Engine tuning#Blueprinting|blueprinting]] before use in racing applications. With a single four-barrel carburetor they weighed {{cvt|680|lb|kg|0}}<ref>''Clarke'', p. 42 et seq.</ref> and were rated at {{convert|616|hp|kW}} at 7,000 rpm and {{cvt|515|lbft}} of torque at 3,800 rpm, with dual four-barrel carburetors {{convert|657|hp|kW}} at 7,500 rpm and {{cvt|575|lbft}} of torque at 4,200 rpm. Ford sold them via the parts counter, the single four-barrel model as part C6AE-6007-363S, the dual carburetor model as part C6AE-6007-359J for $2350.00 (as of October, 1968). Ford's hopes to counter Chrysler were, however, cut short. Although enough 427 SOHCs were sold to have the design [[Homologation (motorsport)|homologated]], Chrysler protests succeeded in getting NASCAR to effectively legislate the engine out of competition. This was due to the motor not being available in a factory production motor vehicle.<ref name="autoweek.com">{{cite web |url=http://autoweek.com/article/car-life/don-snake-prudhomme-brings-back-shelby-super-snake |title=Go in depth with Don 'The Snake' Prudhomme's rebuilt Shelby Super Snake |website=autoweek.com|date=June 2016 }}</ref> It was not the only engine ever banned from NASCAR; the 1963 Chevrolet 427 βmystery motorβ, the 1965 426 βRace Hemiβ and the Chrysler A-925 DOHC Hemi were also banned during the 1960s for the same reason.<ref name="autoweek.com"/> This scuttled the awaited 1965 SOHC versus Hemi competition at the [[Daytona 500]] season opener. Nevertheless, the SOHC 427 found its niche in [[non-stock drag racing]], powering many [[Funny Car#History|altered-wheelbase]] A/FX Mustangs,<ref name="Scale" /> and becoming the basis for a handful of supercharged [[Top Fuel]] dragsters, including those of [[Conrad Kalitta|Connie Kalitta]], [[Pete Robinson (drag racing)|Pete Robinson]], and [[Lou Baney]] (driven by [[Don Prudhomme|Don "the Snake" Prudhomme]]). In 1967 Connie Kalitta's SOHC-powered "Bounty Hunter" [[Front engine dragster|slingshot dragster]] won Top Fuel honors at AHRA, NHRA and NASCAR winter meets, becoming the only "triple crown" winner in drag racing history.<ref>Steve Magnante|Inside the Swamp Rat's Nest|Street Rodder Premium Magazine|page 52|Volume 2 Number 2 Winter, 2011</ref> It was also used in numerous nitro funny cars including those of [[Jack Chrisman]], [[Don Nicholson|"Dyno" Don Nicholson]], Eddie Schartman, Kenz & Leslie, and in numerous injected gasoline drag racing vehicles. ====428==== [[File:Ford FE 428 Police Interceptor.jpg|thumb|Ford FE 428 Special Interceptor engine from a 1967 [[Shelby GT 500|Shelby GT500]]]] For 1966 Ford combined attributes that had worked well in previous incarnations of the FE β a {{cvt|4.13|in|mm|2}} bore and a {{cvt|3.98|in|mm|2}} [[Stroke (engine)|stroke]] β to create an easier-to-make{{how|reason=The 390 and 427 had identical 4.2328 bores (on identical 4.63 bore spacing), and Ford made countless millions of the βcommodityβ 390 V8 (a completely conventional engine used in countless applications). How was the 428 cheaper to make, and why was it needed to supplant the 427|date=May 2024}} {{cvt|428|cuin|L|1}} engine. It used a cast nodular iron [[crankshaft]] and external balancer. 428 FE engines were fitted to [[Ford Galaxie|Galaxies]] (badged simply as '7 Litre') and [[Ford Thunderbird|Thunderbirds]] in the 1966 and 1967 model years. It was also found in Mustangs, Mercury Cougars, some AC (Shelby) Cobras and various other Fords from 1968. This engine was also available as standard equipment in 1966 and 1967 in the [[Mercury S-55]].<ref>{{cite book | title = "Mercury 1966 move ahead with Mercury in the Lincoln Continental tradition" - Complete Model Line Description Brochure (1st ed.). | publisher = Ford Motor Company, Dearborn MI. | date = June 15, 1965 | pages = 1β33 }}</ref> =====428 engine configurations and applications===== * 4V, 10.5:1 ** {{convert|345|hp|kW}} at 4600 rpm and {{cvt|462|lbft|N.m}} at 2800 rpm *** 1966β1967 Ford *** 1966β1967 Ford Thunderbird *** 1966β1967 Mercury *** 1966-1967 Ford 7-Litre *** 1966-1967 Mercury S-55 ** {{convert|360|hp|kW}} at 5400 rpm and {{cvt|459|lbft|N.m}} at 3200 rpm *** 1966β1970 Ford Police Interceptor *** 1966β1970 Mercury Police *** 1969 Shelby GT500KR Interceptor ** {{convert|340|hp|kW}} at 4600 rpm and {{cvt|462|lbft|N.m}} at 2800 rpm *** 1968 Ford *** 1968 Mercury ** {{convert|360|hp|kW}} at 5400 rpm and {{cvt|420|lbft|N.m}} at 3200 rpm *** 1968 Shelby GT500 * 2x4V, 10.5:1 β {{convert|355|hp|kW}} at 5400 rpm and {{cvt|420|lbft|N.m}} at 3200 rpm ** [[Shelby Mustang#1967-1968 Shelby GT350 / GT500|1967 Shelby GT500]] {{clear}} =====428 Cobra Jet===== [[File:1969 Ford Mustang Cobra Jet 428 (15687554723).jpg|thumb|428 CJ with [[shaker scoop]] (1969 Mustang)]] The ''428 Cobra Jet'' was a performance version of the 428 FE. Launched in April 1968, it was built on a regular production line using a variety of cylinder heads<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.428cobrajet.org/id-heads |title=Cylinder Heads {{!}} Mustang 428 Cobra Jet Registry}}</ref> combined with a 735 CFM Holley four-barrel carburetor. The Cobra Jet used heavier connecting rods with a 13/32 rod bolt and a nodular iron crankshaft casting #1UB. A Holman and Moody specially prepared "stripper", which carried no sound deadener, undercoating, or any optional factory equipment, was used as the introductory press car in 1968.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mustangandfords.com/featured-vehicles/mdmp-0707-fastest-mustang-tests |title=Fastest Classic Mustang Tests - Who Would Be King?|date=July 2007 }}</ref> The 428 Cobra-Jet had a compression ratio of 10.8:1 and was rated {{cvt|335|bhp|kW|0}} at 5200 rpm and {{cvt|440|lbft|Nm|0}} at 3400 rpm. Historical road test data on actual production 428 CJ cars suggest peak output in the neighborhood of 275 SAE Net ("as installed") HP, using published trap speed and "as tested" weights, and Hale's trap speed formula.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.motortrend.com/how-to/testing-4-2-8how-much-horsepower-ford-428-cobra-jet-really-make/ |title=Testing 4-2-8β¦How Much Horsepower Does the Ford 428 Cobra Jet Really Make?|date=21 November 2016 }}</ref> Period road tests revealed quarter mile performance in the low 14-second to very high 13-second range, with trap speeds around {{cvt|101|to|103|mph}}:<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://wildaboutcarsonline.com/members/AardvarkPublisherAttachments/9990494729848/1969-02_SS_1969_Mustang_Mach_1_428_CJ_Test_1-4.pdf |title=Mach I Mustang CJ428 |author=McGonegal, Roland |date=February 1969 |magazine=Super Stock |pages=21β23;72}}</ref> The 428 Cobra Jet engine (modified to the NHRA [[Stock (drag racing class)|Stock]] and [[SuperStock (drag racing class)|Super Stock]] technical specifications) made its drag racing debut at [[1968 NHRA Winternationals]], held from February 2β4, 1968, at the [[Auto Club Raceway at Pomona|Auto Club Raceway]] at [[Los Angeles County Fairgrounds]], in [[Pomona, California]]. Ford Motor Company sponsored five drivers ([[Gas Ronda]], [[Jerry Harvey (drag racer)|Jerry Harvey]], [[Hubert Platt]], [[Don Nicholson|"Dyno Don" Nicholson]], Kenneth McLellan, and [[Al Joniec]]) to race six 428 CJ-equipped Mustangs. They raced in classes C Stock Automatic (C/SA, {{cvt|9|to|9.49|lb/hp|kg/kW}}), based on advertised horsepower) and Super Stock E (SS/E or SS/EA, manual or automatic transmission, respectively, at {{cvt|8.70|to|9.47|lb/hp|kg/kW}}, based on factored horsepower). The engine lived up to expectations as four of the cars made it to their respective class finals. Al Joniec won both his class (defeating Hubert Platt in an all-CJ final) and the overall Super Stock Eliminator title (defeating Dave Wren who βred lightedβ in his faster 426 Race Hemi Plymouth).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.428cobrajet.org/pomona.html |title=428 CJ Mustangs at the 1968 NHRA Winternationals | Mustang 428 Cobra Jet Registry |publisher=428cobrajet.org |access-date=2014-02-28}}</ref> =====428 Cobra-Jet engine configurations and applications===== * Cobra-Jet β [[Bore (engine)|Bore]] {{cvt|4.13|in|mm|1}} X [[Stroke (engine)|Stroke]] {{cvt|3.98|in|mm|1}}; [[Valvetrain]]: [[Overhead camshaft|OHV]] 2 valves per cylinder, [[Naturally aspirated engine|naturally aspirated]] 4-barrel [[Holley Performance Products|Holley]] [[carburetor]], [[compression ratio]]: 10.6:1 rated at {{convert|335|hp|PS kW}} at 5200 rpm and maximum [[torque]] of {{cvt|440|lbft|Nm|0}} at 3400 rpm<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=368126|title=1969 Mercury Cougar Hardtop Cobra Jet 428|website=carfolio.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.myclassicgarage.com/knowledge-base/1969-Mercury-Cougar|title=1969 Mercury Cougar|website=myclassicgarage.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-10}}</ref><ref name="Specs/Data Cougar Eliminator">{{cite web|url=https://eliminator.mercurycougarregistry.com/specsdata/|title=Specs/Data Cougar Eliminator|website=eliminator.mercurycougarregistry.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hemmings.com/magazine/mus/2014/07/High-Performance-Cat---1969-Mercury-Cougar-Eliminator/3739871.html|title=High Performance Cat - 1969-Mercury Cougar Eliminator|website=hemmings.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-10}}</ref> ** 1968 Ford Mustang ** 1968 Mercury Cougar ** 1968 Shelby GT500KR ** 1968 Ford Fairlane ** 1968 Ford Torino ** 1968 Mercury Comet ** 1968 Mercury Cyclone * ** 1969β1970 Ford Mustang ** 1969β1970 Mercury Cougar ** 1969 Ford Fairlane ** 1969 Ford Torino ** 1969 Ford Cobra ** 1969 Mercury Montego, Cyclone and CJ =====428 Super Cobra Jet===== The ''428 Super Cobra Jet'' (also known as the 428SCJ) used the same top end, pistons, cylinder heads, camshaft, valve train, induction system, exhaust manifolds, and engine block as the 428 Cobra Jet. However, the crankshaft and connecting rods were strengthened and associated balancing altered for drag racing. A nodular iron crankshaft casting #1UA was used as well as heavier 427 "Le Mans" connecting rods with capscrews instead of bolts for greater durability. The heavier connecting rods and the removal of the centre counterweight on the stock 428 Cobra Jet crankshaft (1UA), required an external weight on the snout of the crankshaft for balancing. A 428 Super Cobra Jet engine with oil cooler was standard equipment when the "Drag Pack" option (which came when selecting either a 3.91 or 4.30 rear end gear ratio) was ordered with cars manufactured from 13 November 1968. In addition, while the CJ and SCJ engines used the same autothermic piston casting, the piston-to-bore clearance specification between the CJ and SCJ 428 engines is slightly different, with the SCJ engines gaining a slightly looser fit to permit higher operating temperature.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.428cobrajet.com/id-piston |title=Pistons | Mustang 428 Cobra Jet Registry |publisher=428cobrajet.com |access-date=2014-02-28}}</ref> Horsepower measurements at a ''street'' rpm level remained the same.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.428cobrajet.com/cj-vs-scj |title=428 Cobra Jet vs. 428 Super Cobra Jet | Mustang 428 Cobra Jet Registry |publisher=428cobrajet.com |access-date=2014-02-28}}</ref> The 428 Super Cobra Jet engine was never offered with factory air conditioning due to the location of its engine oil cooler. =====428 Super Cobra-Jet engine configurations and applications===== * Super Cobra-Jet β [[Bore (engine)|Bore]] {{cvt|4.13|in|mm|1}} X [[Stroke (engine)|Stroke]] {{cvt|3.98|in|mm|1}}; [[Valvetrain]]: [[Overhead camshaft|OHV]] 2 valves per cylinder, [[Naturally aspirated engine|naturally aspirated]] 4-barrel [[Holley Performance Products|Holley]] [[carburetor]], [[compression ratio]]: 10.6:1 rated at {{convert|335|hp|PS kW}} at 5200 rpm and maximum [[torque]] of {{cvt|440|lbft|Nm|0}} at 3400 rpm<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=368126|title=1969 Mercury Cougar Hardtop Cobra Jet 428|website=carfolio.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.myclassicgarage.com/knowledge-base/1969-Mercury-Cougar|title=1969 Mercury Cougar|website=myclassicgarage.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-10}}</ref><ref name="Specs/Data Cougar Eliminator"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hemmings.com/magazine/mus/2014/07/High-Performance-Cat---1969-Mercury-Cougar-Eliminator/3739871.html|title=High Performance Cat - 1969-Mercury Cougar Eliminator|website=hemmings.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-10}}</ref> ** 1969β1970 Ford Mustang ** 1969β1970 Mercury Cougar ** 1969 Ford Fairlane ** 1969 Ford Torino ** 1969 Ford Cobra ** 1969 Mercury Montego, Cyclone and CJ
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