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Human variability
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==== Mitochondrial DNA ==== [[Mitochondrial DNA]], which is only passed from mother to child. The first human population studies based on mitochondrial DNA were performed by restriction enzyme analyses (RFLPs) and revealed differences between the four ethnic groups (Caucasian, Amerindian, African, and Asian). Differences in mtDNA patterns have also been shown in communities with a different geographic origin within the same ethnic group<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yokobori|first1=Shin-ichi|last2=Suzuki|first2=Tsutomu|last3=Watanabe|first3=Kimitsuna|title=Genetic Code Variations in Mitochondria: tRNA as a Major Determinant of Genetic Code Plasticity|journal=Journal of Molecular Evolution|language=en|volume=53|issue=4β5|pages=314β326|doi=10.1007/s002390010221|issn=0022-2844|pmid=11675591|bibcode=2001JMolE..53..314Y|year=2001|s2cid=6475453}}</ref>
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